Antipyrine (ANT), as a widely used relieve headache, fever anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical in medical treatment, is difficult to be removed completely in water. The application of photocatalytic removal of ANT is restricted to UV light irradiation (<5% of solar energy), and the degradation pathways of ANT require more theoretical evidence. In this study, a series of three dimensions (3D) hierarchical structure multiwall carbon nanotubes/bismuth oxyiodide (MWCNTs/BiOI) photocatalysts were systematically designed and firstly applied to remove ANT through visible light (>43% of solar energy) induced photodegradation. Consequently, the as-prepared MWCNTs/BiOI photocatalysts presented superior photocatalytic activities on ANT degradation with respect to that of BiOI under 60 min visible light irradiation (100% vs 82.2%). Especially, the enhanced photocatalytic mechanism on ANT was analyzed by morphology, optical and photo-electrochemical properties. Results revealed that the designed 3D micro-mesoporous structure could promote the diffusion of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and the utilization of photoelectrons could be efficiently improved by MWCNTs (1.5 times). Furthermore, based on radicals scavenging experiments, the photogenerated hole (h+) and superoxide radical (O2-) were demonstrated as the dominant active species in ANT photocatalytic oxidation process. The photodegradation pathways of ANT were proposed with the calculation of frontier electron densities (FEDs) and the analysis of LC-MS/MS. This study presents a feasible approach for the high efficiency removal of trace pharmaceuticals under visible light photocatalytic process.

中文翻译：

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溶剂热合成多壁碳纳米管/ BiOI光催化剂以在可见光下有效降解安替比林。

安替比林（ANT）是一种广泛使用的缓解头痛，医学上发烧的抗炎药，很难在水中完全去除。光催化去除ANT的应用仅限于紫外线照射（小于太阳能的5％），并且ANT的降解途径需要更多的理论依据。在这项研究中，系统设计了一系列三维（3D）分层结构的多壁碳纳米管/碘氧化铋（MWCNTs / BiOI）光催化剂，并首先应用于通过可见光（> 43％的太阳能）引起的光降解去除ANT。因此，所制得的MWCNTs / BiOI光催化剂在60分钟可见光照射下，对ANT降解表现出优于BiOI的光催化活性（100％比82.2％）。特别，通过形态学，光学和光电化学性质分析了增强的对ANT的光催化机理。结果表明，设计的3D微介孔结构可以促进光生电子-空穴对的扩散，并且MWCNTs可以有效地提高光电子的利用率（1.5倍）。此外，基于自由基清除实验，证明了光生空穴（h +）和超氧自由基（O2-）是ANT光催化氧化过程中的主要活性物质。通过前沿电子密度（FEDs）的计算和LC-MS / MS的分析，提出了ANT的光降解途径。这项研究为可见光光催化过程中高效去除痕量药物提供了一种可行的方法。