Abstract In this study, activated carbon was blended with grape stalks powder to adsorb methylene blue (MB) dye with various concentrations from a wastewater. For this purpose, five independent variables involving pH (2–13), contact time (5–270 min), grape stalks powder dosage (0.1–10 g/l), methylene blue initial concentration (20–300 mg/l), and activated carbon dosage (0.1–10 g/l) for methylene blue adsorption were studied. The Central Composite Design (CCD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to estimate the independent variables effects on the methylene blue adsorption. The pseudo- first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models were employed to study the adsorption kinetics and isotherm. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were applied to investigate the adsorption isotherm. It was concluded that the intraparticle diffusion isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic models could show the best results. Furthermore, some data such as physical adsorption (by analyzing FTR and applying some standard equations) and mean free energy (E) were discovered in this research. Finally, activated carbon blended with grape stalks powder as an effective bio-adsorbent for the methylene blue reduction from a wastewater was introduced.

中文翻译：

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葡萄秆粉混合活性炭：性能改性及其在染料吸附中的应用

摘要 在这项研究中，活性炭与葡萄秸秆粉混合以吸附废水中不同浓度的亚甲基蓝 (MB) 染料。为此，五个独立变量涉及 pH (2–13)、接触时间 (5–270 分钟)、葡萄茎粉剂量 (0.1–10 g/l)、亚甲蓝初始浓度 (20–300 mg/l)、研究了亚甲基蓝吸附的活性炭用量（0.1-10 g/l）。应用响应面方法 (RSM) 下的中心复合设计 (CCD) 来估计自变量对亚甲基蓝吸附的影响。采用拟一级、拟二级、Elovich 和颗粒内扩散模型来研究吸附动力学和等温线。Langmuir, Freundlich, 应用 Temkin 和 Dubinin-Radushkevich 等温线模型来研究吸附等温线。结论是粒子内扩散等温线和准二级动力学模型可以显示出最好的结果。此外，本研究还发现了一些数据，例如物理吸附（通过分析 FTR 并应用一些标准方程）和平均自由能 (E)。最后，引入了与葡萄秸秆粉末混合的活性炭作为一种有效的生物吸附剂，用于从废水中还原亚甲基蓝。