Abstract Bioremediation of gasoline contaminated soil from high Arctic permafrost active layer near the Zackenberg research station in Northeast Greenland was studied in 28 days in the laboratory at 10 °C, a relevant local summer temperature. Fates of gasoline aromatics were followed in two groups: monoaromatics and naphthalene homologs. The treatments were control, natural attenuation, and biostimulation with fertilizers inorganic NPK, urea, and methylene urea, respectively. No natural attenuation was observed. Among the fertilizers, only urea significantly decreased the total concentration under the initial level (by 47%) in 28 days. NPK and urea but not methylene urea enhanced the desorption and extractability of soil gasoline aromatics and bioremediation from day 7–28; more bioremediation was enhanced by urea. In the same period, NPK and urea did not differ in the biostimulation of monoaromatics while the bioremediation of naphthalene homologs was enhanced remarkably more by urea. Soil pH effect of fertilizers was also studied and showed dependence on temperature. Conclusively, urea showed superiority to NPK and methylene urea in biostimulation of gasoline aromatics in this study.

中文翻译：

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氮肥刺激北极永久冻土活动层土壤中汽油芳烃的解吸和生物降解：一项实验室研究

摘要 在实验室中，在 10 °C（当地夏季相关温度）下，在 28 天内对格陵兰东北部扎肯伯格研究站附近高北极永久冻土活动层的汽油污染土壤进行了生物修复。汽油芳烃的归宿分为两组：单芳烃和萘同系物。处理分别是控制、自然衰减和用无机氮磷钾、尿素和亚甲基尿素进行生物刺激。没有观察到自然衰减。在肥料中，只有尿素在 28 天后显着降低了初始水平以下的总浓度（47%）。从第 7 天到第 28 天，NPK 和尿素而非亚甲基尿素增强了土壤汽油芳烃和生物修复的解吸和提取能力；尿素增强了更多的生物修复作用。同一时期，NPK 和尿素在单芳烃的生物刺激方面没有差异，而尿素对萘同系物的生物修复作用显着增强。还研究了肥料对土壤 pH 值的影响，并显示出对温度的依赖性。总之，在本研究中，尿素在汽油芳烃的生物刺激方面优于 NPK 和亚甲基尿素。