AIMS Electronic cigarette (ECIG) has been used as an alternative to tobacco smoking as it lacks the majority of toxicants found in tobacco smoke. However, the effect of ECIG aerosol inhalation on cardiac health are not well studied. The present study aimed to compare the effects of ECIGs with that of combustible tobacco cigarette (T-Cigs) and waterpipe (WP) smoke on cardiac biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. MAIN METHODS Rats were randomized into control (fresh air, n = 12), ECIG aerosol (n = 12), T-Cig smoke (n = 15), or WP (n = 13) smoke conditions in which they were exposed 1 h/daily, 6 day/week for 4 weeks. Cardiac biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and remodeling were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Relative to control, significant increase in heart to body weight ratio was observed in all exposed groups. Cardiac endothelin-1 and myeloperoxidase were increased for ECIG and T-Cig. Cardiac nitrite and TBARS were increased in all exposed groups, but activity of superoxide dismutase was increased for ECIG and T-Cig only while glutathione levels increased for ECIG only. No changes were observed for cardiac C-reactive protein and catalase activity. Cardiac fibrosis was observed in all exposed groups coupled with an increase in the transforming growth factor beta protein that was significant for ECIG only. SIGNIFICANCE ECIG aerosol may promote cardiac alterations in similar manner to tobacco smoke by promoting myocardial oxidative stress and inflammation leading to fibrosis. With regard to cardiac health, exposure to ECIG aerosol and combustible T-Cig smoke may lead to similar adverse outcomes.

中文翻译：

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电子烟气溶胶暴露与水烟和可燃香烟烟雾暴露对大鼠心脏影响的比较。

AIMS 电子香烟 (ECIG) 已被用作吸烟的替代品，因为它缺乏烟草烟雾中发现的大部分有毒物质。然而，ECIG 气溶胶吸入对心脏健康的影响尚未得到很好的研究。本研究旨在比较 ECIG 与可燃烟草卷烟 (T-Cigs) 和水烟 (WP) 烟雾对氧化应激、炎症和纤维化的心脏生物标志物的影响。主要方法 将大鼠随机分为对照组（新鲜空气，n = 12）、ECIG 气溶胶（n = 12）、T-Cig 烟雾（n = 15）或 WP（n = 13）烟雾条件，其中它们暴露 1 小时/ 每天，每周 6 天，持续 4 周。评估了氧化应激、炎症和重塑的心脏生物标志物。主要发现 相对于对照组，在所有暴露组中观察到心脏与体重的比率显着增加。ECIG 和 T-Cig 的心脏内皮素-1 和髓过氧化物酶增加。所有暴露组的心脏亚硝酸盐和 TBARS 均增加，但仅 ECIG 和 T-Cig 的超氧化物歧化酶活性增加，而仅 ECIG 的谷胱甘肽水平增加。没有观察到心脏 C 反应蛋白和过氧化氢酶活性的变化。在所有暴露组中都观察到心脏纤维化，并伴有仅对 ECIG 显着的转化生长因子 β 蛋白的增加。意义 ECIG 气溶胶可通过促进心肌氧化应激和导致纤维化的炎症，以与烟草烟雾类似的方式促进心脏改变。关于心脏健康，接触 ECIG 气溶胶和可燃 T-Cig 烟雾可能会导致类似的不良后果。