The typical functions of antibodies are based on linking the process of antigen recognition with initiation of innate immune reactions. With the introduction of modern research technologies and the use of sophisticated model systems, recent years have witnessed the discovery of a number of noncanonical functions of antibodies. These functions encompass either untypical strategies for neutralization of pathogens or exertion of activities that are characteristic for other proteins (cytokines, chaperones, or enzymes). Here, we provide an overview of the noncanonical functions of antibodies and discuss their mechanisms and implications in immune regulation and defense. A better comprehension of these functions will enrich our knowledge of the adaptive immune response and shall inspire the development of novel therapeutics.

中文翻译：

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抗体的非规范功能。

抗体的典型功能基于将抗原识别过程与先天免疫反应的启动联系起来。随着现代研究技术的引入和复杂模型系统的使用，近年来见证了许多抗体非规范功能的发现。这些功能包括中和病原体的非典型策略或其他蛋白（细胞因子，伴侣蛋白或酶）特有的活性发挥作用。在这里，我们提供了抗体的非规范功能的概述，并讨论了其在免疫调节和防御中的机制和含义。对这些功能的更好理解将丰富我们对适应性免疫反应的认识，并将激发新型疗法的发展。