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Characteristic features of the SERA multigene family in the malaria parasite
Parasites & Vectors ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-06 , DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04044-y
Nobuko Arisue , Nirianne M. Q. Palacpac , Takahiro Tougan , Toshihiro Horii

Serine repeat antigen (SERA) is conserved among species of the genus Plasmodium. Sera genes form a multigene family and are generally tandemly clustered on a single chromosome. Although all Plasmodium species encode multiple sera genes, the number varies between species. Among species, the members share similar sequences and gene organization. SERA possess a central papain-like cysteine protease domain, however, in some members, the active site cysteine residue is substituted with a serine. Recent studies implicate this gene family in a number of aspects in parasite biology and induction of protective immune response. This review summarizes the current understanding on this important gene family in several Plasmodium species. The Plasmodium falciparum (Pf)-sera family, for example, consists of nine gene members. Unlike other multigene families in Plasmodium species, Pf-sera genes do not exhibit antigenic variation. Pf-sera5 nucleotide diversity is also low. Moreover, although Pf-sera5 is highly transcribed during the blood stage of malaria infection, and a large amount is released into the host blood following schizont rupture, in malaria endemic countries the sero-positive rates for Pf-SERA5 are low, likely due to Pf-SERA5 binding of host proteins to avoid immune recognition. As an antigen, the N-terminal 47 kDa domain of Pf-SERA5 is a promising vaccine candidate currently undergoing clinical trials. Pf-SERA5 and Pf-SERA6, as well as P. berghei (Pb)-SERA3, and Pb-SERA5, have been investigated for their roles in parasite egress. Two P. yoelii SERA, which have a serine residue at the protease active center, are implicated in parasite virulence. Overall, these studies provide insight that during the evolution of the Plasmodium parasite, the sera gene family members have increased by gene duplication, and acquired various functions that enable the parasite to survive and successfully maintain infection in the host.

中文翻译:

疟原虫中SERA多基因家族的特征

丝氨酸重复抗原(SERA)在疟原虫属的物种中是保守的。血清基因形成一个多基因家族,通常串联在一个染色体上。尽管所有疟原虫物种都编码多个血清基因,但物种之间的数量却有所不同。在物种之间,成员共享相似的序列和基因组织。SERA具有中央木瓜蛋白酶样半胱氨酸蛋白酶结构域,但是,在某些成员中,活性位点的半胱氨酸残基被丝氨酸取代。最近的研究在寄生虫生物学和诱导保护性免疫应答的许多方面暗示了该基因家族。这篇综述总结了当前对几种疟原虫物种中重要基因家族的理解。例如,恶性疟原虫(Pf)血清家族由九个基因成员组成。与疟原虫物种中的其他多基因家族不同,Pf-血清基因不显示抗原变异。Pf-sera5核苷酸多样性也很低。此外,尽管Pf-sera5在疟疾感染的血液阶段被高度转录,并且在裂殖体破裂后大量释放到宿主血液中,但在疟疾流行国家,Pf-SERA5的血清阳性率很低,这可能是由于Pf-SERA5与宿主蛋白结合,以避免免疫识别。作为抗原,Pf-SERA5的N端47 kDa结构域是目前正在临床试验中的有希望的疫苗候选者。对Pf-SERA5和Pf-SERA6以及伯氏疟原虫(Pb)-SERA3和Pb-SERA5的寄生虫外出作用进行了研究。在寄生虫毒力中涉及两个在蛋白酶活性中心具有丝氨酸残基的约氏疟原虫SERA。总体,
更新日期:2020-04-22
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