The study of hybrid zones can provide insight into the genetic basis of species differences that are relevant for the maintenance of reproductive isolation. Hybrid zones can also provide insight into climate change, species distributions, and evolution. The hybrid zone between black‐capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) is shifting northward in response to increasing winter temperatures but is not increasing in width. This pattern indicates strong selection against chickadees with admixed genomes. Using high‐resolution genomic data, we identified regions of the genomes that are outliers in both time points and do not introgress between the species; these regions may be involved in the maintenance of reproductive isolation. Genes involved in metabolic regulation processes were overrepresented in this dataset. Several gene ontology categories were also temporally consistent—including glutamate signaling, synaptic transmission, and catabolic processes—but the nucleotide variants leading to this pattern were not. Our results support recent findings that hybrids between black‐capped and Carolina chickadees have higher basal metabolic rates than either parental species and suffer spatial memory and problem‐solving deficits. Metabolic breakdown, as well as spatial memory and problem‐solving, in hybrid chickadees may act as strong postzygotic isolation mechanisms in this moving hybrid zone.

中文翻译：

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代谢和神经元信号通路基础的基因组区域在移动的鸟类杂交区中在时间上是一致的

杂交区的研究可以深入了解与维持生殖隔离相关的物种差异的遗传基础。混合区还可以提供对气候变化、物种分布和进化的洞察。黑冠山雀 (Poecile atricapillus) 和卡罗莱纳山雀 (Poecile carolinensis) 之间的杂交带随着冬季气温的升高而向北移动，但宽度没有增加。这种模式表明对混合基因组的山雀有强烈的选择。使用高分辨率基因组数据，我们确定了在两个时间点都是异常值且不会在物种之间渗入的基因组区域；这些地区可能参与维持生殖隔离。参与代谢调节过程的基因在该数据集中过多。几个基因本体类别在时间上也是一致的——包括谷氨酸信号、突触传递和分解代谢过程——但导致这种模式的核苷酸变异不是。我们的结果支持最近的发现，即黑冠山雀和卡罗莱纳山雀的杂交种比亲本物种具有更高的基础代谢率，并且存在空间记忆和解决问题的缺陷。杂种山雀的代谢分解以及空间记忆和解决问题的能力可能在这个移动的杂种区域中充当强大的合子后隔离机制。和分解代谢过程——但导致这种模式的核苷酸变异不是。我们的结果支持最近的发现，即黑冠山雀和卡罗莱纳山雀的杂交种比亲本物种具有更高的基础代谢率，并且存在空间记忆和解决问题的缺陷。杂种山雀的代谢分解以及空间记忆和解决问题的能力可能在这个移动的杂种区域中充当强大的合子后隔离机制。和分解代谢过程——但导致这种模式的核苷酸变异不是。我们的结果支持最近的发现，即黑冠山雀和卡罗莱纳山雀的杂交种比亲本物种具有更高的基础代谢率，并且存在空间记忆和解决问题的缺陷。杂种山雀的代谢分解以及空间记忆和解决问题的能力可能在这个移动的杂种区域中充当强大的合子后隔离机制。