Critical transition of soil bacterial diversity and composition triggered by nitrogen enrichment,Ecology

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Critical transition of soil bacterial diversity and composition triggered by nitrogen enrichment
Ecology ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-15 , DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3053
Weixing Liu ₁ , Lin Jiang ₂ , Sen Yang _{1,

3} , Zhou Wang _{3,

4} , Rui Tian _{1,

5} , Ziyang Peng _{1,

2} , Yongliang Chen ₁ , Xingxu Zhang ₆ , Jialiang Kuang ₇ , Ning Ling ₈ , Shaopeng Wang ₉ , Lingli Liu _{1,

3}

Affiliation

State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems SKLGAE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Institute of Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73109, USA.
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.

Soil bacterial communities are pivotal in regulating terrestrial biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functions. The increase in global nitrogen (N) deposition has impacted various aspects of terrestrial ecosystems, but we still have a rudimentary understanding of whether there is a threshold for N input level beyond which soil bacterial communities will experience critical transitions. Using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we examined soil bacterial responses to a long-term (13 years) multi-level N addition experiment in a temperate steppe of northern China. We found that plant diversity decreased in a linear fashion with increasing N addition. However, bacterial diversity responded nonlinearly to N addition, such that it was unaffected by N input below 16 g N m-2 y-1 , but decreased substantially when N input exceeded 32 g N m-2 y-1 . A meta-analysis across four N addition experiments in the same study region further confirmed this nonlinear response of bacterial diversity to N inputs. Substantial changes in soil bacterial community structure also occurred between N input levels of 16 to 32 g N m-2 y-1 . Further analysis revealed that the loss of soil bacterial diversity was primarily attributed to the reduction in soil pH, whereas changes in soil bacterial community were driven by the combination of increased N availability, reduced soil pH and changes in plant community structure. In addition, we found that N addition shifted bacterial communities toward more putatively copiotrophic taxa. Overall, our study identified a threshold of N input level for bacterial diversity and community composition. The nonlinear response of bacterial diversity to N input observed in our study indicates that although bacterial communities are resistant to low levels of N input, further increase in N input could trigger a critical transition, shifting bacterial communities to a low-diversity state.

更新日期：2020-07-15

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