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Quantifying the roles of seed dispersal, filtering, and climate on regional patterns of grassland biodiversity
Ecology ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-08 , DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3061
John Guittar 1 , Deborah Goldberg 2 , Kari Klanderud 3 , Astrid Berge 4 , Marta Ramírez Boixaderas 5 , Eric Meineri 6 , Joachim Töpper 7, 8 , Vigdis Vandvik 8, 9
Affiliation  

Seed dispersal and local filtering interactively govern community membership and scale up to shape regional vegetation patterns, but data revealing how and why particular species are excluded from specific communities in nature are scarce. This lack of data is a missing link between our theoretical understanding of how diversity patterns can form and how they actually form in nature, and it hampers our ability to predict community responses to climate change. Here, we compare seed, seedling, and adult plant communities at twelve grassland sites with different climates in southern Norway to examine how community membership is interactively shaped by seed dispersal and local filtering, and how this process varies with climate across sites. To do this, we divide species at each site into two groups: "locally-transient" species, which occur as seeds but are rare or absent as adults (i.e., they arrive but are filtered out), and "locally-persistent" species, which occur consistently as adults in annual vegetation surveys. We then ask how and why locally-transient species are disfavored during community assembly. Our results led to four main conclusions: (1) the total numbers of seeds and species that arrived, but failed to establish locally-persistent populations, rose with temperature, indicating an increase in the realized effects of local filtering on community assembly, as well as an increase in the number of species poised to rapidly colonize those warmer sites if local conditions change in their favor, (2) locally-transient species were selectively filtered out during seedling emergence, but not during seedling establishment, (3) selective filtering was partly driven by species climate preferences, exemplified by the poor performance of seeds dispersing outside of their realized climate niches into colder and drier foreign climates, and (4) locally-transient species had traits that likely made them better dispersers (i.e., smaller seeds) but poorer competitors for light (i.e., shorter statures and less persistent clonal connections) than locally-persistent species, potentially explaining why these species arrived to new sites but did not establish locally-persistent adult populations. Our study is the first to combine seed, seedling, and adult survey data across sites to rigorously characterize how seed dispersal and local filtering govern community membership and shape climate-associated vegetation patterns.

中文翻译:

量化种子传播、过滤和气候对草地生物多样性区域格局的作用

种子传播和局部过滤交互地管理社区成员并扩大以塑造区域植被模式,但揭示特定物种如何以及为何被排除在自然界中的特定社区之外的数据很少。缺乏数据是我们对多样性模式如何形成的理论理解与它们在自然界中的实际形成方式之间的缺失环节,它阻碍了我们预测社区对气候变化的反应的能力。在这里,我们比较了挪威南部 12 处不同气候的草原地点的种子、幼苗和成年植物群落,以研究社区成员如何通过种子传播和局部过滤相互作用形成,以及这一过程如何随不同地点的气候变化。为此,我们将每个地点的物种分为两组:“局部瞬态”物种,它们作为种子出现,但在成虫时很少见或不存在(即,它们到达但被过滤掉),以及“本地持久”物种,在年度植被调查中始终作为成虫出现。然后,我们询问在社区组装期间如何以及为什么不喜欢局部瞬变物种。我们的结果得出了四个主要结论:(1)到达但未能建立本地持久种群的种子和物种总数随温度升高而上升,表明本地过滤对社区组装的实际影响增加,以及由于如果当地条件发生有利于它们的变化,准备迅速在这些温暖地点定居的物种数量增加,(2)局部瞬态物种在幼苗出苗期间被选择性滤除,但在幼苗建立期间没有,(3) 选择性过滤部分是由物种气候偏好驱动的,例如种子在其已实现的气候生态位之外传播到更冷和更干燥的外国气候中的表现不佳,以及 (4) 局部瞬变物种具有可能使它们更好地传播的特性(即,较小的种子)但与本地持久物种相比,光的竞争者较差(即,身材矮小和持久性克隆连接较少),这可能解释了为什么这些物种到达新地点但没有建立本地持久性成年种群。我们的研究首次将跨站点的种子、幼苗和成虫调查数据结合起来,以严格描述种子传播和本地过滤如何管理社区成员并塑造与气候相关的植被模式。例如,种子在其已实现的气候生态位之外传播到更冷、更干燥的外国气候中的表现不佳,以及 (4) 局部瞬变物种具有可能使它们更好的传播者(即较小的种子)但较弱的光竞争者(即、较短的身材和较不持久的克隆连接)比本地持久的物种,这可能解释了为什么这些物种到达新地点但没有建立本地持久的成年种群。我们的研究首次将跨站点的种子、幼苗和成虫调查数据结合起来,以严格描述种子传播和本地过滤如何管理社区成员并塑造与气候相关的植被模式。例如,种子在其已实现的气候生态位之外传播到更冷、更干燥的外国气候中的表现不佳,以及 (4) 局部瞬变物种具有可能使它们更好的传播者(即较小的种子)但较弱的光竞争者(即、较短的身材和较不持久的克隆连接)比本地持久的物种,这可能解释了为什么这些物种到达新地点但没有建立本地持久的成年种群。我们的研究首次将跨站点的种子、幼苗和成虫调查数据结合起来,以严格描述种子传播和本地过滤如何管理社区成员并塑造与气候相关的植被模式。(4) 局部瞬变物种具有的特性可能使它们比局部持久物种具有更好的传播能力(即较小的种子),但较弱的光竞争者(即,身材矮小和持久性克隆连接较少),这可能解释了这些物种到达的原因到新地点,但没有建立本地持久的成年人群。我们的研究首次将跨站点的种子、幼苗和成虫调查数据结合起来,以严格描述种子传播和本地过滤如何管理社区成员并塑造与气候相关的植被模式。(4) 局部瞬变物种具有的特性可能使它们比局部持久物种具有更好的传播能力(即较小的种子),但较弱的光竞争者(即,身材矮小和持久性克隆连接较少),这可能解释了这些物种到达的原因到新地点,但没有建立当地持久的成年人群。我们的研究首次将跨站点的种子、幼苗和成虫调查数据结合起来,以严格描述种子传播和本地过滤如何管理社区成员并塑造与气候相关的植被模式。可能解释了为什么这些物种到达新地点但没有在当地建立持久的成年人群。我们的研究首次将跨站点的种子、幼苗和成虫调查数据结合起来,以严格描述种子传播和本地过滤如何管理社区成员并塑造与气候相关的植被模式。可能解释了为什么这些物种到达新地点但没有在当地建立持久的成年种群。我们的研究首次将跨站点的种子、幼苗和成虫调查数据结合起来,以严格描述种子传播和本地过滤如何管理社区成员并塑造与气候相关的植被模式。
更新日期:2020-09-08
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