ABSTRACT Green chicory (Cichorium intybus) leaf is consumed worldwide that has tremendous bio-functional activities. This study was designed to elucidate the bio-functional activities of the green chicory leaf extract (CLE). Trolox equivalent antioxidant activities were carried out against DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging and ferric reducing activities. CLE showed remarkable hepatoprotective activity against oxidative damages and reactive oxygen species reducing effect in RAW 264.7 and Hep G2 cells. The anti-inflammatory effects performed on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and primary spleen cells. In RAW 264.7 cells, Chicory leaf extract significantly restored the iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, TNF-α and other pro-inflammatory cytokines in mRNA expression. Meanwhile, it restored NF-κB (P-65) and MAPK pathways activation in immunoblot assay dose-dependently and repressed the P-65 translocation in the nucleus. Moreover, it showed notable anti-proliferative activities and downregulated NF-κB (P-65) and MAPK activation in LPS-stimulated splenocytes. Our findings suggest that CLE could be used as a natural anti-inflammatory agent. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

中文翻译：

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绿色菊苣叶提取物通过抑制 LPS 诱导的 MAPK/NF-κB 活化和体外保肝活性发挥抗炎作用

摘要 绿色菊苣 (Cichorium intybus) 叶在全球范围内消费，具有巨大的生物功能活性。本研究旨在阐明绿色菊苣叶提取物 (CLE) 的生物功能活性。对 DPPH、ABTS 自由基清除和铁还原活性进行了与 Trolox 等效的抗氧化活性。CLE 在 RAW 264.7 和 Hep G2 细胞中显示出显着的抗氧化损伤和活性氧减少作用的保肝活性。对 LPS 诱导的 RAW 264.7 细胞和原代脾细胞的抗炎作用。在 RAW 264.7 细胞中，菊苣叶提取物显着恢复了 iNOS、COX-2、IL-6、TNF-α 和其他促炎细胞因子的 mRNA 表达。同时，它在免疫印迹试验中剂量依赖性地恢复了 NF-κB (P-65) 和 MAPK 通路的激活，并抑制了细胞核中的 P-65 易位。此外，它在 LPS 刺激的脾细胞中显示出显着的抗增殖活性和下调 NF-κB (P-65) 和 MAPK 激活。我们的研究结果表明，CLE 可用作天然抗炎剂。图形概要