Abstract In recent years, much attention has been drawn to the exposure to bioaerosols in both occupational and indoor environments due to adverse effects on human health. Exposure to these agents may cause infectious diseases, allergic diseases, acute toxic effects, respiratory diseases, neurological effects, and cancer. Bioaerosols play a significant role in air quality studies, as well as in industrial and agricultural regulations. There is a diversity of sources for bioaerosol exposures, which include occupational activities such as waste disposal, sorting and composting, agricultural and food processing, livestock production and handling, healthcare, and fungal growth following flooding. Bioaerosol monitoring includes the measurement of viable (culturable and nonculturable) and nonviable microorganisms in both indoor and outdoor environments. The development of standardized methods for the detection and quantitation of bioaerosols has become an important issue. Technologies, including microbial plating, physical-chemical assays, and molecular techniques, have been adapted for the assessment of collected bioaerosol particles. In this review, we will discuss traditional and modern assays that have been applied in bioaerosol enumeration based on culturability, optical properties, immunoreactions, and nucleic acid amplification and sequencing of biological particles. The analysis of additional characteristics of bioaerosols including microbiome and antimicrobial resistance is also discussed. Finally, concluding thoughts are offered regarding the challenges and perspectives in the field. Copyright © 2020 American Association for Aerosol Research

中文翻译：

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生物气溶胶的测定和枚举 - 现代实践的传统方法

摘要 近年来，由于对人体健康的不利影响，职业和室内环境中的生物气溶胶暴露引起了广泛关注。接触这些物质可能会导致传染病、过敏性疾病、急性毒性作用、呼吸系统疾病、神经系统影响和癌症。生物气溶胶在空气质量研究以及工业和农业法规中发挥着重要作用。生物气溶胶暴露的来源多种多样，包括职业活动，如废物处理、分类和堆肥、农业和食品加工、牲畜生产和处理、医疗保健以及洪水后的真菌生长。生物气溶胶监测包括测量室内和室外环境中的存活（可培养和不可培养）和不可存活微生物。开发用于生物气溶胶检测和定量的标准化方法已成为一个重要问题。包括微生物电镀、物理化学分析和分子技术在内的技术已被用于评估收集到的生物气溶胶颗粒。在这篇综述中，我们将根据可培养性、光学特性、免疫反应以及生物颗粒的核酸扩增和测序，讨论已应用于生物气溶胶计数的传统和现代检测方法。还讨论了对生物气溶胶的其他特征的分析，包括微生物组和抗菌素耐药性。最后，就该领域的挑战和前景提出了总结性想法。版权所有 © 2020 美国气溶胶研究协会