Escherichia coli is primarily known as a commensal colonising the gastrointestinal tract of infants very early in life but some strains being responsible for diarrhoea, which can be especially severe in young children. Intestinal pathogenic E. coli include six pathotypes of diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC), namely, the (i) enterotoxigenic E. coli, (ii) enteroaggregative E. coli, (iii) enteropathogenic E. coli, (iv) enterohemorragic E. coli, (v) enteroinvasive E. coli and (vi) diffusely adherent E. coli. Prior to human infection, DEC can be found in natural environments, animal reservoirs, food processing environments and contaminated food matrices. From an ecophysiological point of view, DEC thus deal with very different biotopes and biocoenoses all along the food chain. In this context, this review focuses on the wide range of surface molecular determinants acting as surface colonisation factors (SCFs) in DEC. In the first instance, SCFs can be broadly discriminated into (i) extracellular polysaccharides, (ii) extracellular DNA and (iii) surface proteins. Surface proteins constitute the most diverse group of SCFs broadly discriminated into (i) monomeric SCFs, such as autotransporter (AT) adhesins, inverted ATs, heat-resistant agglutinins or some moonlighting proteins, (ii) oligomeric SCFs, namely, the trimeric ATs and (iii) supramolecular SCFs, including flagella and numerous pili, e.g. the injectisome, type 4 pili, curli chaperone-usher pili or conjugative pili. This review also details the gene regulatory network of these numerous SCFs at the various stages as it occurs from pre-transcriptional to post-translocational levels, which remains to be fully elucidated in many cases.

中文翻译：

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腹泻性大肠杆菌（DEC）中表面定殖的分子决定因素：从细菌粘附到生物膜形成。

大肠埃希氏菌主要是一种很早就进入婴儿胃肠道的共生菌，但有些菌株引起腹泻，这在幼儿中尤其严重。肠道致病性大肠杆菌包括腹泻型大肠杆菌（DEC）的六种病态，即（i）产肠毒素的大肠杆菌，（ii）肠聚合性大肠杆菌，（iii）肠致病性大肠杆菌，（iv）肠出血性大肠杆菌。大肠杆菌，（v）肠侵袭性大肠杆菌和（vi）弥散性粘附大肠杆菌。在人类感染之前，DEC可以存在于自然环境，动物蓄水池，食品加工环境和受污染的食品基质中。从生态生理学的角度来看，DEC因此在整个食物链中处理截然不同的生物群落和生物表皮。在这种情况下，本综述着重于在DEC中充当表面定居因子（SCF）的各种表面分子决定簇。首先，可以将SCF大致分为（i）细胞外多糖，（ii）细胞外DNA和（iii）表面蛋白。表面蛋白构成了最广泛的SCF组，广泛区分为（i）单体SCF，例如自转运蛋白（AT）粘附素，倒置AT，耐热凝集素或某些月光蛋白，（ii）寡聚SCF，即三聚体AT和（iii）超分子SCF，包括鞭毛和许多菌毛，例如注射体，4型菌毛，curli伴侣-指肠菌毛或结合菌毛。这篇综述还详细介绍了从转录前水平到移位后水平在各个阶段中这些众多SCF的基因调控网络，在许多情况下仍有待充分阐明。