Understanding the surface structure of a catalyst under a reaction environment is challenging, yet necessary. Now, a combination of in situ methods reveals the reversible formation of a surface alloy as the active phase for core–shell Ni–Au nanoparticles during CO2 hydrogenation, which could not be detected by ex situ methods.

中文翻译：

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果皮的动力学

了解反应环境下催化剂的表面结构是具有挑战性的，但仍是必需的。现在，原位方法的组合揭示了表面合金的可逆形成，作为CO 2加氢过程中核-壳Ni-Au纳米粒子的活性相，这是非原位方法无法检测到的。