Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that is characterized by chronic inflammation of any part of the gastrointestinal tract, has a progressive and destructive course and is increasing in incidence worldwide. Several factors have been implicated in the cause of Crohn's disease, including a dysregulated immune system, an altered microbiota, genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, but the cause of the disease remains unknown. The onset of the disease at a young age in most cases necessitates prompt but long-term treatment to prevent disease flares and disease progression with intestinal complications. Thus, earlier, more aggressive treatment with biologic therapies or novel small molecules could profoundly change the natural history of the disease and decrease complications and the need for hospitalization and surgery. Although less invasive biomarkers are in development, diagnosis still relies on endoscopy and histological assessment of biopsy specimens. Crohn's disease is a complex disease, and treatment should be personalized to address the underlying pathogenetic mechanism. In the future, disease management might rely on severity scores that incorporate prognostic factors, bowel damage assessment and non-invasive close monitoring of disease activity to reduce the severity of complications.

中文翻译：

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克罗恩病。

克罗恩病是一种炎症性肠病，其特征在于胃肠道任何部分的慢性炎症，具有进行性和破坏性病程，并且在世界范围内发病率正在增加。克罗恩病的病因涉及多种因素，包括免疫系统失调，微生物群改变，遗传易感性和环境因素，但该病的病因仍未知。在大多数情况下，这种疾病在年轻时就需要迅速而长期的治疗，以防止疾病发作和肠道并发症。因此，更早地采用生物疗法或新颖的小分子进行更积极的治疗可以深刻改变疾病的自然史并减少并发症以及住院和手术的需要。尽管正在开发侵入性较小的生物标志物，但诊断仍依赖于内窥镜检查和活检标本的组织学评估。克罗恩氏病是一种复杂的疾病，应个性化治疗以解决潜在的致病机制。将来，疾病管理可能依赖于结合了预后因素，肠道损害评估和对疾病活动的非侵入性密切监测的严重程度评分，以降低并发症的严重程度。