We present an updated Lagrangian continuum particle method based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) for simulating debris flow on an instrumented test slope. The site is a deforested area near the village of Ruedlingen, a community in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. Artificial rainfall experiments were conducted on the slope that led to failure of the sediment in the form of a debris flow. We develop a 3D mechanistic model for this test slope and conduct numerical simulations of the flow kinematics using an SPH formulation that captures large deformation, material nonlinearity, and the complex post-failure movement of the sediment. Two main simulations explore the impact of changes in the mechanical properties of the sediment on the ensuing kinematics of the flow. The first simulation models the sediment as a granular homogeneous material, while the second simulation models the sediment as a heterogeneous material with spatially varying cohesion. The variable cohesion is meant to represent the effects of root reinforcement from vegetation. By comparing the numerical solutions with the observed failure surfaces and final free-surface geometries of the debris deposit, as well as with the observed flow velocity, flow duration, and hot spots of strain concentration, we provide insights into the accuracy and robustness of the SPH framework for modeling debris flows.

中文翻译：

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使用更新的拉格朗日连续体粒子法模拟仪器测试坡度上的泥石流

我们提出一种基于平滑粒子流体动力学（SPH）的更新的拉格朗日连续体粒子方法，用于模拟仪器测试坡度上的泥石流。该地点位于瑞士沙夫豪森州Ruedlingen村附近的一片森林砍伐地区。在斜坡上进行了人工降雨实验，导致泥石流形式的沉积物破裂。我们针对该测试坡度开发了3D力学模型，并使用SPH公式进行了流动运动学的数值模拟，该公式捕获了大的变形，材料的非线性以及沉积物在破坏后的复杂运动。两种主要的模拟方法探讨了沉积物力学特性的变化对随后的流动运动学的影响。第一次模拟将沉积物建模为颗粒状均质材料，而第二次模拟将沉积物建模为具有空间内聚力的非均质材料。可变的内聚力意在代表来自植被的根部增强作用。通过将数值解与观察到的碎屑沉积物的破坏面和最终自由面的几何形状以及观察到的流速，流动持续时间和应变集中热点进行比较，我们可以洞悉沉积物的准确性和鲁棒性。用于泥石流建模的SPH框架。