Previous studies have suggested submarine landslides as sources of the tsunami that damaged coastal areas of Palu Bay after the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake. Indeed, tsunami run-up heights as high as 10 m determined by field surveys cannot be explained by the earthquake source alone although the earthquake is definitely the primary cause of the tsunami. The quantitatively re-examined results using the earthquake fault models reported so far showed that none of them could fully explain the observed tsunami data: tsunami waveforms inferred from video footage and the field survey run-up tsunami height distribution. Here, we present probable tsunami source models including submarine landslides that are consistent with the observed tsunami data. We simulated tsunamis generated by submarine landslides using a simplified depth-averaged two-dimensional model. The estimated submarine landslide model consisted of two sources in the northern and southern parts of the bay, and it explained the observed tsunami data well. Their volumes were 0.02 and 0.07 km 3 . The radius of the major axis and the maximum thickness of the initial paraboloid masses and the maximum horizontal velocity of the masses were 0.8 km, 40 m and 21 m/s in the northern bay, and 2.0 km, 15 m and 19 m/s in the southern bay, respectively. The landslide source in the northern bay needed to start to move about 70 s after the earthquake to match the calculated and observed arrival times.

中文翻译：

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海底滑坡源模型与印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛 2018 年帕卢海啸的多次海啸记录一致

先前的研究表明，海底滑坡是 2018 年苏拉威西地震后破坏帕卢湾沿海地区的海啸的来源。事实上，虽然地震绝对是海啸的主要原因，但实地调查确定的高达 10 m 的海啸上升高度并不能仅用震源来解释。使用迄今为止报告的地震断层模型进行的定量重新检查结果表明，它们都不能完全解释观测到的海啸数据：从视频片段和现场调查助推海啸高度分布推断出的海啸波形。在这里，我们提出了可能的海啸源模型，包括与观测到的海啸数据一致的海底滑坡。我们使用简化的深度平均二维模型模拟了海底滑坡产生的海啸。估计的海底滑坡模型由海湾北部和南部的两个来源组成，很好地解释了观测到的海啸数据。它们的体积分别为 0.02 和 0.07 km 3 。长轴半径和初始抛物面质量的最大厚度和质量的最大水平速度在北部湾分别为0.8 km、40 m和21 m/s，2.0 km、15 m和19 m/s分别在南湾。北部湾的滑坡源需要在地震发生后约 70 秒开始移动，以匹配计算和观测到的到达时间。长轴半径和初始抛物面质量的最大厚度和质量的最大水平速度在北部湾分别为0.8 km、40 m和21 m/s，2.0 km、15 m和19 m/s分别在南湾。北部湾的滑坡源需要在地震发生后约 70 秒开始移动，以匹配计算和观测到的到达时间。长轴半径和初始抛物面质量的最大厚度和质量的最大水平速度在北部湾分别为0.8 km、40 m和21 m/s，2.0 km、15 m和19 m/s分别在南湾。北部湾的滑坡源需要在地震发生后约 70 秒开始移动，以匹配计算和观测到的到达时间。