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Role of WO 3 nanoparticles in electrical and dielectric properties of BaTiO 3 –SrTiO 3 ceramics
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-02 , DOI: 10.1007/s10854-020-03317-7
Y. Slimani , B. Unal , M. A. Almessiere , E. Hannachi , Ghulam Yasin , A. Baykal , I. Ercan

Abstract

(BaTiO3–SrTiO3)/(WO3)x ceramics with x = 0 up to 5% were synthesized using solid-state reaction via high-energy ballf milling technique. Various characterization techniques were used including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV–visible diffuse reflectance (DR) spectrophotometer. Structural analysis via XRD indicates the formation of two separate phases of SrTiO3 (STO) and BaTiO3 (BTO) having both cubic structures. The presence of BaWO4 as impurity was detected for higher concentration. SEM observations show a reduction in the average grains size with increasing WO3 addition. In comparison with free-added ceramic, the optical band gap energy (Eg) shows a slight increase with WO3 addition. Contextual investigations on the electrical and dielectric properties of various WO3 added to BTO–STO ceramics have been used to evaluate conductivity (\(\sigma\)), dielectric constant and loss (\(\varepsilon^{\prime}_{r}\) and \(\varepsilon^{\prime\prime}_{r}\)), and dissipation factor (\(\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\delta\)) against both frequency and dc bias voltages. Generally, both \(\sigma\) and \(\varepsilon^{\prime\prime}_{r}\) correspond to the tendency of the power law to frequency. However, dc bias has been noticed to be lesser affecting the conduction mechanisms, which has a small variation for various WO3 addition ratios. In addition, the dissipation factor was found to be highly dependent on both the addition ratio and the frequency as well as dc bias applied.



中文翻译:

WO 3纳米粒子在BaTiO 3 –SrTiO 3陶瓷的电和介电性能中的作用

摘要

 利用高能球磨技术,通过固相反应合成了x = 0高达5%的(BaTiO 3 -SrTiO 3)/(WO 3x陶瓷。使用了各种表征技术,包括X射线粉末衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和紫外可见漫反射(DR)分光光度计。通过XRD的结构分析表明形成具有两个立方结构的SrTiO 3(STO)和BaTiO 3(BTO)两个分离的相。BaWO 4的存在因为检测到较高浓度的杂质。SEM观察表明,随着WO 3添加量的增加,平均晶粒尺寸减小。与自由添加的陶瓷相比,添加WO 3的光学带隙能量(E g)略有增加。对添加到BTO-STO陶瓷中的各种WO 3的电和介电性能进行了背景研究,用于评估电导率(\(\ sigma \)),介电常数和损耗(\(\ varepsilon ^ {\ prime} _ {r } \)\(\ varepsilon ^ {\ prime \ prime} _ {r} \))和耗散因子(\(\ mathrm {t} \ mathrm {a} \ mathrm {n} \ delta \))同时针对频率和直流偏置电压。通常,\(\ sigma \)\(\ varepsilon ^ {\ prime \ prime} _ {r} \)都对应于幂律对频率的趋势。然而,已经发现直流偏置对传导机制的影响较小,对于各种WO 3添加比例,直流偏置的变化很小。另外,发现损耗因数高度依赖于加法比和所施加的频率以及直流偏置。

更新日期:2020-04-03
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