Abstract

Much progress has been made over a long period, spanning more than a century, in understanding the atomic arrangement on various length scales of non-crystalline chalcogens and their transitions upon certain external stimuli. However, it is broadly admitted that there are still several unsettled issues that call for proper rationalization. The current review presents an assessment of Raman scattering studies of non-crystalline phases of elemental chalcogens and their mixtures. First, a few remarks on the analysis of Raman data related to polarization details and spectra reduction are presented. The effect of temperature, pressure, and irradiation on the structure of chalcogens is reviewed in detail. As only selenium can form a stable glass at ambient conditions, the interest on sulfur and tellurium has been placed in the melt and the amorphous phase, respectively, whereas reference is also made to the sporadic structural studies of glassy sulfur at low temperatures. It is shown how Raman scattering can be exploited to explore unique phenomena emerging in the liquid state of sulfur, offering valuable information on the details of λ-transition including various thermodynamic-related properties. The subtle nature of this transition in selenium is also discussed. Tellurium is not only impossible to be prepared in the bulk glassy state, but also forms a very liable to crystallization amorphous film. Therefore, apart from the melt, the emphasis is placed on light-induced nanostructuring and effects related to photo-amorphization and photo-oxidation.

中文翻译：

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元素硫属元素的结构和光诱导效应：拉曼散射研究述评

摘要

跨越一个多世纪，在很长一段时期内，在理解非晶态硫属元素的各种长度尺度上的原子排列及其在某些外部刺激下的转变方面，已经取得了许多进展。但是，人们普遍承认，仍然存在一些尚未解决的问题，需要进行合理化。本篇综述对元素硫属元素及其混合物的非晶相的拉曼散射研究进行了评估。首先，给出了有关拉曼数据分析的一些评论，这些数据与偏振细节和光谱缩减有关。详细回顾了温度，压力和辐照对硫族元素结构的影响。由于只有硒才能在环境条件下形成稳定的玻璃，对硫和碲的关注已分别置于熔体和无定形相中，同时还参考了在低温下玻璃态硫的零星结构研究。它显示了如何利用拉曼散射来探索在液态硫中出现的独特现象，从而提供了有关硫的详细信息的有价值的信息。包括各种热力学相关性质的λ-跃迁。还讨论了这种硒过渡的微妙性质。碲不仅不可能以块状玻璃态制备，而且会形成非常易于结晶的非晶膜。因此，除了熔体以外，重点还放在光诱导的纳米结构以及与光非晶化和光氧化有关的效应上。