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Effect of Powder Recycling on Defect Formation in Electron Beam Melted Alloy 718
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-19 , DOI: 10.1007/s11661-020-05674-8
Hans Gruber , Cosmina Luchian , Eduard Hryha , Lars Nyborg

The extent to which powder recycling can be permitted before risking a loss in performance of critical components is a major aspect for the viability of electron beam melting (EBM). In this study, the influence of powder oxidation during multi-cycle EBM processing on the formation of oxide-related defects in Alloy 718 is investigated. The amount of defects and their distribution in samples produced from virgin and re-used powder is studied by means of image analysis and oxygen measurements. Morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy is performed to understand their origin and formation mechanism. The results indicate a clear correlation between the powder oxygen content and the amount of oxide inclusions present in the investigated samples. The inclusions consist of both molten and unmolten Al-rich oxide which originates from the surface of the recycled powder. Upon interaction with the electron beam, the oxide tends to cluster in the liquid metal and form critical sized defects. Hot isostatic pressing can be successfully used to densify samples produced from virgin powder. However, in the material fabricated from recycled powder, a considerable amount of damage relevant oxide inclusion defects remain after HIP treatment, especially in the contour region. It is suggested that the quality of EBM-processed Alloy 718 is at present dependent on the oxygen level in the powder in general, and on the surface chemistry of the power in particular, which needs to be controlled to maintain a low amount of inclusions.



中文翻译:

粉末回收对电子束熔化合金718中缺陷形成的影响

电子束熔化(EBM)的可行性的一个主要方面是可以允许粉末回收再利用的程度,以免损害关键组件的性能。在这项研究中,研究了多循环EBM工艺中粉末氧化对718合金中与氧化物有关的缺陷形成的影响。通过图像分析和氧气测量研究了原始粉末和再利用粉末产生的样品中的缺陷数量及其分布。使用扫描电子显微镜进行形态分析以了解其起源和形成机理。结果表明粉末氧含量与研究样品中存在的氧化物夹杂物之间存在明显的相关性。夹杂物既包含熔融的也包含未熔融的富Al氧化物,这些氧化物均来自回收粉末的表面。与电子束相互作用时,氧化物趋于在液态金属中聚集并形成临界尺寸的缺陷。热等静压可以成功地用于使原始粉末生产的样品致密。然而,在由回收粉末制成的材料中,在HIP处理之后,尤其是在轮廓区域中,仍然存在相当数量的损伤,相关的氧化物夹杂缺陷仍然存在。建议目前,由EBM处理的718合金的质量通常取决于粉末中的氧含量,尤其取决于粉末的表面化学性质,需要对其进行控制以保持少量的夹杂物。氧化物易于聚集在液态金属中并形成临界尺寸的缺陷。热等静压可以成功地用于使原始粉末生产的样品致密。然而,在由回收粉末制成的材料中,在HIP处理之后,尤其是在轮廓区域中,仍然存在相当数量的损伤,相关的氧化物夹杂缺陷仍然存在。建议采用EBM处理的合金718的质量目前总体上取决于粉末中的氧含量,尤其取决于粉末的表面化学性质,需要对其进行控制以保持少量的夹杂物。氧化物易于聚集在液态金属中并形成临界尺寸的缺陷。热等静压可以成功地用于使原始粉末生产的样品致密。然而,在由回收粉末制成的材料中,在HIP处理之后,尤其是在轮廓区域中,仍然存在相当数量的损伤,相关的氧化物夹杂缺陷仍然存在。建议目前,由EBM处理的718合金的质量通常取决于粉末中的氧含量,尤其取决于粉末的表面化学性质,需要对其进行控制以保持少量的夹杂物。在HIP处理后,尤其是在轮廓区域中,仍然存在大量的氧化物相关夹杂物缺陷。建议目前,由EBM处理的718合金的质量通常取决于粉末中的氧含量,尤其取决于粉末的表面化学性质,需要对其进行控制以保持少量的夹杂物。在HIP处理后,尤其是在轮廓区域中,仍然存在大量的氧化物相关夹杂物缺陷。建议目前,由EBM处理的718合金的质量通常取决于粉末中的氧含量,尤其取决于粉末的表面化学性质,需要对其进行控制以保持少量的夹杂物。

更新日期:2020-04-22
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