Commercially available powdered activated carbon (PAC) with a median diameter of 12-42 μm was ground into 1 μm sized superfine PAC (SPAC) and 200 nm sized submicron SPAC (SSPAC) and investigated as a pretreatment material for the prevention of hydraulically irreversible membrane fouling during a submerged microfiltration (MF) process. Compared with PAC and SPAC, SSPAC has a high capacity for selective biopolymer adsorption, which is a characteristic found in natural organic matter and is commonly considered to be a major contributor to membrane fouling. Precoating the membrane surface with SSPAC during batch filtration further removes the biopolymers by straining them out. In lab-scale membrane filtration experiments, an increase in the transmembrane pressure (TMP) was almost completely prevented through a precoating with SSPAC based on its pulse dose after coagulation pretreatment. The precoated SSPAC formed a dense layer on the membrane preventing biopolymers from attaching to the membrane. Coagulation pretreatment enabled the precoated activated carbon to be rinsed off during hydraulic backwashing. The functionality of the membrane was thereby retained for a long-term operation. Precoating the membranes with SSPAC after coagulation is a promising way to control membrane fouling, and efficiently prevents an increase in the TMP because of the straining effect of the SSPAC and the high capacity of the SSPAC to adsorb any existing biopolymers.

中文翻译：

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凝结后用亚微米级超细粉状活性炭预涂膜可防止跨膜压力升高：应变和高吸附容量效应。

将市售的中值直径为12-42μm的粉末状活性炭（PAC）研磨成1μm大小的超细PAC（SPAC）和200 nm大小的亚微米SPAC（SSPAC），并作为预防水力不可逆膜的预处理材料进行了研究浸入式微滤（MF）过程中的结垢。与PAC和SPAC相比，SSPAC具有高选择性生物聚合物吸附能力，这是天然有机物中的特征，通常被认为是造成膜污染的主要因素。在分批过滤过程中，用SSPAC对膜表面进行预涂会进一步滤除生物聚合物，从而进一步去除生物聚合物。在实验室规模的膜过滤实验中，根据凝结剂预处理后的脉冲剂量，用SSPAC进行预涂层几乎可以完全防止跨膜压力（TMP）升高。预涂的SSPAC在膜上形成致密层，防止生物聚合物附着到膜上。混凝预处理可以在液压反冲洗过程中冲洗掉预涂的活性炭。膜的功能性因此得以保留以用于长期操作。凝结后用SSPAC预涂膜是控制膜结垢的一种有前途的方法，并且由于SSPAC的应变作用和SSPAC吸附任何现有生物聚合物的高能力，可有效防止TMP的增加。预涂的SSPAC在膜上形成致密层，防止生物聚合物附着到膜上。混凝预处理可以在液压反冲洗过程中冲洗掉预涂的活性炭。膜的功能性因此得以保留以用于长期操作。凝结后用SSPAC预涂膜是控制膜结垢的一种有前途的方法，并且由于SSPAC的应变作用和SSPAC吸附任何现有生物聚合物的高能力，可有效防止TMP的增加。预涂的SSPAC在膜上形成致密层，防止生物聚合物附着到膜上。混凝预处理可以在液压反冲洗过程中冲洗掉预涂的活性炭。膜的功能性因此得以保留以用于长期操作。凝结后用SSPAC预涂膜是控制膜结垢的一种有前途的方法，并且由于SSPAC的应变作用和SSPAC吸附任何现有生物聚合物的高能力，可有效防止TMP的增加。