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Increased terrestriality in a Neotropical primate living on islands with reduced predation risk.
Journal of Human Evolution ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102768
Claudio M Monteza-Moreno 1 , Margaret C Crofoot 2 , Mark N Grote 3 , Patrick A Jansen 4
Affiliation  

An arboreal lifestyle is thought to be central to primate origins, and most extant primate species still live in the trees. Nonetheless, terrestrial locomotion is a widespread adaptation that has arisen repeatedly within the primate lineage. The absence of terrestriality among the New World monkeys (Platyrrhini) is thus notable and raises questions about the ecological pressures that constrain the expansion of platyrrhines into terrestrial niches. Here, we report the results of a natural experiment, comparing patterns of terrestrial behavior in white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus imitator) living on two islands off the Pacific coast of Panama that lack mammalian predators (island sites) with the behavior of capuchins at three sites in central Panama with more intact predator communities (mainland sites). Surveys with camera traps revealed increased terrestriality in island vs. mainland sites. Capuchin detection rates were higher, the range of party sizes observed was larger, and individuals engaged in a wider range of terrestrial behaviors on the islands lacking mammalian predators. Furthermore, females carrying infants were frequently photographed on the ground at the island sites, but never at the mainland sites. These findings support the long-standing hypothesis that predators constrain the exploitation of terrestrial niches by primates. These results are also consistent with the hypothesis that arboreal locomotion imposes costs that primates will avoid by walking on the ground when predation risk is low.

中文翻译:

生活在岛屿上的新热带灵长类动物的陆生性增加,其捕食风险降低。

树栖生活被认为是灵长类动物起源的核心,大多数现存的灵长类动物仍生活在树上。然而,陆地运动是在灵长类世系中反复出现的广泛适应。因此,在新大陆猴(Platyrrhini)中没有陆地现象是值得注意的,并引起了关于生态压力的问题,这些生态压力限制了platyrrhines扩展为陆地生态位。在这里,我们报告了一项自然实验的结果,将生活在巴拿马太平洋沿岸两个缺少哺乳动物捕食者(岛屿地点)的两个小岛上的白脸卷尾猴(Cebus capucinus模仿者)的陆生行为模式与卷尾猴的行为进行了比较在巴拿马中部的三个地点,有更多完整的捕食者群落(内陆地点)。使用照相机陷阱进行的调查显示,岛国和大陆站点的陆地面积增加了。卷尾猴的检出率较高,观察到的聚会规模较大,在缺乏哺乳动物捕食者的岛屿上,人们从事更广泛的陆地行为。此外,经常在岛上的地上对怀抱婴儿的女性进行拍照,而在内地则从未如此。这些发现支持了一个长期存在的假设,即掠食者限制了灵长类动物对陆地生态位的利用。这些结果也与以下假设相吻合:在掠夺风险较低的情况下,树木运动会产生成本,灵长类动物可以通过在地面上行走来避免成本。在缺乏哺乳动物捕食者的岛屿上,人们从事更广泛的陆地行为。此外,经常在岛上的地上对怀抱婴儿的女性进行拍照,而在内地则从未如此。这些发现支持了一个长期存在的假设,即掠食者限制了灵长类动物对陆地生态位的利用。这些结果也与以下假设相吻合:在掠夺风险较低的情况下,树木运动会产生成本,灵长类动物可以通过在地面上行走来避免这些成本。在缺乏哺乳动物捕食者的岛屿上,人们从事更广泛的陆地行为。此外,经常在岛上的地上对怀抱婴儿的女性进行拍照,而在内地则从未如此。这些发现支持了一个长期存在的假说,即掠食者限制了灵长类动物对陆地生态位的利用。这些结果也与以下假设相吻合:在掠夺风险较低的情况下,树木运动会产生成本,灵长类动物可以通过在地面上行走来避免这些成本。这些发现支持了一个长期存在的假设,即掠食者限制了灵长类动物对陆地生态位的利用。这些结果也与以下假设相吻合:在掠夺风险较低的情况下,树木运动会带来成本,灵长类动物可以通过在地面上行走来避免成本。这些发现支持了一个长期存在的假设,即掠食者限制了灵长类动物对陆地生态位的利用。这些结果也与以下假设相吻合:在掠夺风险较低的情况下,树木运动会产生成本,灵长类动物可以通过在地面上行走来避免成本。
更新日期:2020-04-03
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