The world’s biomes and their associated ecosystems are artificially fractured by geopolitical boundaries that define countries. Yet ‘transboundary’ landscapes often overlap with biodiversity hotspots, contain surprisingly important ecosystems, and provide critical habitats for threatened species. Notwithstanding, biodiversity in these landscapes is increasingly imperiled by infrastructure, including walls and fences along borders and cross-border roads that drive landscape fragmentation and the loss of ecological connectivity. Associated problems due to reduced governance (e.g., illegal wildlife trade) also undermine conservation efforts in these important regions. In this review, we distinguish positive and negative effects of transboundary frontiers on biodiversity conservation, discuss lessons from existing frameworks, and identify scenarios that can maximize opportunities for biodiversity conservation in transboundary frontiers.

世界生物群落及其相关的生态系统被定义国家的地缘政治边界人为地破坏了。然而，“越境”景观往往与生物多样性热点重叠，包含令人惊讶的重要生态系统，并为受威胁物种提供了重要的栖息地。尽管如此，这些景观的生物多样性正日益受到基础设施的破坏，这些基础设施包括沿边界的围墙和篱笆以及导致景观破碎化和生态连通性丧失的跨境道路。治理减少所带来的相关问题（例如非法野生动植物贸易）也破坏了这些重要地区的保护工作。在这篇评论中，我们区分了跨界前沿对生物多样性保护的正面​​和负面影响，讨论了现有框架中的经验教训，