Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that interfere with the expression, synthesis, and activity of hormones in organisms. They are released into the environment from flame retardants and products containing plasticizers. Persistent pesticides, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorobenzene, also disrupt the endocrine system through interaction with hormone receptors. Endogenous hormones, such as 17β-estradiol (E2), are released in the urine and feces of farm animals and seep into terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems through sewage. Pigs are widely used as animal models to determine the effects of EDCs because they are physiologically, biochemically, and histologically similar to humans. EDCs primarily disrupt the reproductive and nervous systems of pigs. Moreover, embryonic development during the prenatal and early postnatal periods is particularly sensitive to EDCs. Mycotoxins, such as zearalenone, are food contaminants that alter hormonal activities in pigs. Mycotoxins also alter the innate immune system in pigs, making them vulnerable to diseases. It has been reported that farm animals are exposed to various types of EDCs, which accumulate in tissues, such as those of gonads, livers, and intestines. There is a lack of an integrated understanding of the impact of EDCs on porcine reproduction and development. Thus, this article aims to provide a comprehensive review of literature regarding the effects of EDCs in pigs.

中文翻译：

---

内分泌干​​扰化学物质对猪的影响。

破坏内分泌的化学物质（EDC）是会干扰生物体内激素的表达，合成和活性的化合物。它们从阻燃剂和含有增塑剂的产品释放到环境中。持久性农药，例如二氯二苯基三氯乙烷（DDT）和六氯苯，也会通过与激素受体相互作用而破坏内分泌系统。内源性激素（例如17β-雌二醇（E2））在牲畜的尿液和粪便中释放，并通过污水渗入陆地和水生生态系统。猪被广泛用作确定EDC效果的动物模型，因为它们在生理，生物化学和组织学上与人类相似。EDC主要破坏猪的生殖和神经系统。此外，产前和产后早期的胚胎发育对EDC尤其敏感。霉菌毒素（例如玉米赤霉烯酮）是食物污染物，会改变猪的荷尔蒙活动。霉菌毒素还改变了猪的先天免疫系统，使其容易患病。据报道，家畜暴露于各种类型的EDC，这些EDC在诸如性腺，肝脏和肠等组织中积累。对EDCs对猪繁殖和发育的影响缺乏全面的了解。因此，本文旨在提供有关EDC对猪的影响的文献的全面综述。霉菌毒素还改变了猪的先天免疫系统，使其容易患病。据报道，家畜暴露于各种类型的EDC，这些EDC在诸如性腺，肝脏和肠等组织中积累。对EDCs对猪繁殖和发育的影响缺乏全面的了解。因此，本文旨在提供有关EDC对猪的影响的文献的全面综述。霉菌毒素还改变了猪的先天免疫系统，使其易患疾病。据报道，家畜暴露于各种类型的EDC中，EDC在性腺，肝脏和肠等组织中积累。对EDCs对猪繁殖和发育的影响缺乏全面的了解。因此，本文旨在提供有关EDC对猪的影响的文献的全面综述。