Cryptosporidiosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium spp., is an important zoonotic disease and is considered a global public health concern. Dogs are suggested as one of potential reservoirs for transmitting the Cryptosporidium infection to humans. However, there is a paucity of information about global patterns of occurrence of Cryptosporidium in dogs. A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to evaluate the global prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection among dogs. In this study, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched for relevant studies up until October 30, 2019. Finally, 127 articles (including 160 datasets) were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection was estimated at 8% (95 % CI: 5-11 %) using microscopic methods, 7% (95 % CI: 4-10%) using coprogantigenic methods and 6% (95 % CI: 4-9%) using molecular diagnostic methods. Molecular methods revealed that dogs were most frequently infected by C. canis (3.64 %) and C. parvum (1.28 %). The pooled prevalence different of subgroups (WHO regions, geographic and climate parameters, diagnostic methods, type of dog) were analyzed separately. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of Cryptosporidium was significantly higher than one for diarrhea status, with dogs suffering from diarrhea having a higher likelihood of Cryptosporidium infection, compared to dogs without diarrhea (OR; 3.61 95 % CI: 1.89-6.90%). The present study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis providing a comprehensive view of the global prevalence of Cryptosporidium in dogs and its related risk factors. Awareness of Cryptosporidium prevalence, risk factors, and disease complications for the health authorities, physicians, veterinarians and dog's owners is important for developing effective strategies to prevent infection.

中文翻译：

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犬隐孢子虫感染的全球患病率：系统评价和荟萃分析。

由原生动物寄生虫Cryptosporidium spp。引起的隐孢子虫病是一种重要的人畜共患病，被认为是全球公共卫生问题。建议将狗作为将隐孢子虫感染传播给人类的潜在宿主之一。但是，关于狗中隐孢子虫发生的总体模式的信息很少。进行了系统的审查和荟萃分析，以评估狗中隐孢子虫感染的全球患病率。在这项研究中，直到2019年10月30日，系统地搜索PubMed，Scopus，Web of Science和Google Scholar数据库以寻找相关研究。最后，有127篇文章（包括160个数据集）符合纳入系统评价和荟萃分析的条件。隐孢子虫感染的总体患病率估计为8％（95％CI：使用显微镜方法的比例为5-11％，使用coprogantigenic方法的比例为7％（95％CI：4-10％），使用分子诊断方法的比例为6％（95％CI：4-9％）。分子方法显示，犬最常被犬念珠菌（C. canis）（3.64％）和小念珠菌（C. parvum）（1.28％）感染。分别分析了不同亚组的汇总患病率（WHO地区，地理和气候参数，诊断方法，狗的类型）。对于腹泻状态，隐孢子虫的合并比值比（OR）明显高于1，与没有腹泻的犬相比，腹泻的狗有隐孢子虫感染的可能性更高（OR； 3.61 95％CI：1.89-6.90％）。本研究是首次系统性综述和荟萃分析，提供了犬隐孢子虫全球流行及其相关危险因素的全面视图。