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Direct and indirect cholesterol effects on membrane proteins with special focus on potassium channels.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158706
Florina Zakany 1 , Tamas Kovacs 2 , Gyorgy Panyi 2 , Zoltan Varga 2
Affiliation  

As described in the literature the interaction between cholesterol and membrane proteins can occur via direct, ligand-like and indirect mechanisms, in which cholesterol effects are mediated by alterations in the biophysical properties or in the protein-organizing functions of the lipid membrane. Early studies emphasized the importance of indirect and raft-mediated effects, but improvements in computational and structural imaging techniques allowed the definition of a wide range of functionally active cholesterol binding domains and sites suggesting the relevance of direct cholesterol effects in various proteins. However, the intramolecular rearrangements induced by cholesterol leading to modulation of ion channel gating, membrane transport and receptor functions still have not been revealed. In this review we summarize the novel findings of the topic by focusing on recent studies about direct and indirect effects of cholesterol on potassium ion channels, and we extend the review to transporters and receptors with different domain structures to introduce the general mechanisms of cholesterol action among membrane proteins. We propose that rather than pure direct or indirect effects, cholesterol action on membrane proteins can be better described as a mixture of indirect and direct interactions with system-specific variability in their contributions, which can be explored by using a multi-level approach employing multiple experimental techniques.

中文翻译:

直接和间接胆固醇对膜蛋白的影响,特别是钾通道。

如文献中所述,胆固醇和膜蛋白之间的相互作用可以通过直接的,类似配体的和间接的机制发生,其中胆固醇的作用是通过改变脂质膜的生物物理特性或蛋白质组织功能来介导的。早期研究强调了间接作用和筏介导作用的重要性,但计算和结构成像技术的改进使人们可以定义各种功能活跃的胆固醇结合域和位点,从而表明直接胆固醇作用与各种蛋白质的相关性。然而,由胆固醇引起的导致离子通道门控,膜转运和受体功能调节的分子内重排仍未揭示。在这篇综述中,我们通过关注胆固醇对钾离子通道的直接和间接作用的最新研究,总结了该主题的新发现,并且将综述扩展至具有不同域结构的转运蛋白和受体,以介绍胆固醇作用的一般机制。膜蛋白。我们建议,胆固醇对膜蛋白的作用可不仅仅是间接的或直接的作用,而应将其更好地描述为间接和直接相互作用的混合物,其贡献具有系统特定的可变性,这可以通过使用采用多种方法的多级方法来探索。实验技术。我们将综述扩展到具有不同域结构的转运蛋白和受体,以介绍膜蛋白中胆固醇作用的一般机制。我们建议,胆固醇对膜蛋白的作用可不仅仅是间接的或直接的作用,而应将其更好地描述为间接和直接相互作用的混合物,其贡献具有系统特定的可变性,这可以通过使用采用多种方法的多级方法来探索。实验技术。我们将综述扩展到具有不同域结构的转运蛋白和受体,以介绍膜蛋白中胆固醇作用的一般机制。我们建议,胆固醇对膜蛋白的作用可不仅仅是间接的或直接的作用,而应将其更好地描述为间接和直接相互作用的混合物,其贡献具有系统特定的可变性,这可以通过使用采用多种方法的多级方法来探索。实验技术。
更新日期:2020-04-01
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