In this paper, a reconfigurable beam-scanning planar antenna is proposed in terahertz frequencies. The presented structure consists of a semi bow tie antenna surrounded by circularly arranged parasitic pieces of graphene. The performance of the proposed antenna is investigated considering three different states where a PEC ground plane and a graphene ground layer with chemical potentials 0 (mode A) and 1 (mode B) are utilized at the bottom of the substrate. The proposed antenna is designed for utilization at a specific frequency of 1.2 THz in all these three states. The achieved antenna boresight and radiation pattern are altered through changing the conductivity of parasitic graphene elements and ground plane, which is obtained by controlling the corresponding chemical potential of the graphene segments. In addition, the parasitic graphene elements, located around the antenna, provide a high degree of freedom for altering the radiation pattern and antenna boresight. The parasitic elements operate as directors in modes A and B, whereas they act as reflectors in PEC ground state. Moreover, a high beam steering capability is obtained as chemical potentials of graphene elements are allocated between 0 and 1, whereas a PEC ground layer is employed at the bottom of the antenna. It should be noted that the gain and front-to-back ratio of the antenna are controlled using different chemical potentials of the graphene elements. A wide range of scan angles allocated between 0 and 180°, and toward the left and right directions in constant φ plane is achieved for the designed antenna.

中文翻译：

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使用寄生石墨烯色带的太赫兹半领结天线的波束控制

在本文中，提出了一种以太赫兹频率可重构的波束扫描平面天线。呈现的结构包括一个半领结天线，周围环绕着石墨烯的寄生寄生件。在三种不同状态下研究了所建议天线的性能，其中在基板的底部利用了化学势为0（模式A）和1（模式B）的PEC接地层和石墨烯接地层。拟议中的天线设计用于在所有这三种状态下以1.2 THz的特定频率使用。通过改变寄生石墨烯元件和接地层的电导率，可以改变获得的天线视轴和辐射方向图，这是通过控制石墨烯链段的相应化学势来获得的。此外，位于天线周围的寄生石墨烯元件为改变辐射方向图和天线视轴提供了高度的自由度。寄生元件在模式A和B中充当导向器，而在PEC基态中充当反射器。此外，由于石墨烯元素的化学势在0和1之间分配，因此获得了较高的波束控制能力，而在天线底部采用了PEC接地层。应当注意，使用石墨烯元素的不同化学势来控制天线的增益和前后比率。扫描角度范围广，介于0到180°之间，并以恒定的方向朝向左右方向 寄生元件在模式A和B中起导向器的作用，而它们在PEC基态中起反射器的作用。此外，由于石墨烯元素的化学势在0和1之间分配，因此获得了较高的波束控制能力，而在天线底部采用了PEC接地层。应当注意，使用石墨烯元素的不同化学势来控制天线的增益和前后比率。扫描角度范围广，介于0到180°之间，并且恒定地向左右方向分配 寄生元件在模式A和B中起导向器的作用，而它们在PEC基态中起反射器的作用。此外，由于石墨烯元素的化学势在0和1之间分配，因此获得了很高的波束控制能力，而在天线底部采用了PEC接地层。应当注意，使用石墨烯元素的不同化学势来控制天线的增益和前后比率。扫描角度范围广，介于0到180°之间，并且恒定地向左右方向分配 而PEC接地层用于天线的底部。应当注意，使用石墨烯元素的不同化学势来控制天线的增益和前后比率。扫描角度范围广，介于0到180°之间，并且恒定地向左右方向分配 而PEC接地层用于天线的底部。应当注意，使用石墨烯元素的不同化学势来控制天线的增益和前后比率。扫描角度范围广，介于0到180°之间，并以恒定的方向朝向左右方向设计的天线可以达到φ平面。