As a coating method compatible with printing, one-step spin-coating is widely used for fabricating perovskite thin films. Controlling the crystal growth rate of two precursors is essential to obtain a homogeneous film morphology. However, the film formation mechanism and role of solvate systems during spin-coating have not yet been clearly revealed. In this work, we implemented the in situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite material based on various additive systems to adjust the unbalanced crystal growth rate of CH₃NH₃I and PbI₂. As we expected, the behavior of the solvate phase was strikingly mediated by various additives, and one of the additives greatly slowed the PbI₂ solvate phase, thus overcoming the imbalance in the crystal growth rate. Consequently, the well-controlled perovskite films have both good film morphology and high photovoltaic performance with excellent reproducibility.

中文翻译：

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有机-无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池成膜机理的原位研究：使用添加剂系统控制溶剂化物相

作为与印刷兼容的涂布方法，一步旋涂被广泛用于制造钙钛矿薄膜。控制两种前体的晶体生长速率对于获得均匀的膜形态至关重要。然而，尚未清楚揭示旋涂过程中的成膜机理和溶剂化物体系的作用。在这项工作中，我们基于各种添加剂系统实现了CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃钙钛矿材料的原地掠入射广角X射线散射，以调节CH ₃ NH ₃ I和PbI ₂的不平衡晶体生长速率。。正如我们预期的那样，溶剂化物相的行为受到各种添加剂的显着调节，其中一种添加剂极大地减慢了PbI ₂溶剂化物相，从而克服了晶体生长速率的不平衡。因此，控制得很好的钙钛矿薄膜既具有良好的薄膜形态，又具有高光电性能，且再现性极佳。