We previously showed that impressions of nine semantic words expressing abstract meanings (like "tranquil") can be expressed by 12 hues in a paired comparison method; in this study, White, Gray, and Black were added (Exp. 1) to the previous 12 hues. Color impressions were also estimated using a set of 35 paired words by a semantic differential (SD) method (Exp. 2). The data of nine color vision normal (CVN) and seven color vision deficient (CVD) observers (one protanope and six deuteranopes) were analyzed separately by principal component analysis (PCA). In the results of Exp. 1, all hues used as loadings were distributed in a hue-circle shape in the 2D color space of PC axes for both observer groups [however, the four bluish hues (Blue-Green to Violet) tended toward convergence]. One data set of five CVNs and five deuteranopes was analyzed together using PCA because of high concordance. In the word distribution of the CVDs in Exp. 1, because second PC scores tended to be smaller, the categorization of the words was not clear; the points of five word scores were approximately on one line, reflecting that the colors used in the paired comparison were treated in one-dimensional scaling (which correlates to lightness) in the CVDs. In the results of Exp. 2, the word distribution of loadings was similar between the CVNs and CVDs, and the color score distribution had a similar tendency of showing an ellipse-shaped hue circle; it was probably caused by their experience of being associated with color names rather than color appearance (although the radius of the short axis is shorter in the CVDs' data). The comparison of the word distribution between experiments suggests that two to five semantic word impressions can be stably expressed by hue, but the impression of other words, such as "Magnificent" for the CVNs and "Fine" for the CVDs, cannot. The hue circle is conceptually kept in the SD measurement for all observers; however, it was not kept in the paired comparison for the CVDs. The analysis of one combined data set suggests that the 2D color distribution is not caused by a 3D color system because the lightness scaling is involved in the 2D color distribution.

中文翻译：

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彩色视觉正常和氘代观察者中语义词和色相之间的双向关系。

我们之前已经证明，在配对比较方法中，可以用12种色调来表达9个表达抽象含义的语义词的印象（例如“宁静”）。在这项研究中，将白色，灰色和黑色添加到了（以前的1）色相中（实验1）。还通过语义差分（SD）方法使用一组35个成对单词来估计色彩印象（实验2）。通过主成分分析（PCA）分别分析了九位色觉正常（CVN）和七位色觉缺陷（CVD）观察者（1个Protanope和6个氘氘）的数据。在实验结果中。如图1所示，所有用作负载的色相均以色相-圆形状分布在两个观察者组的PC轴的2D颜色空间中（但是，四种蓝色色相（蓝绿色到紫罗兰趋于收敛））。由于高度一致，因此使用PCA一起分析了五个CVN和五个氘核的一个数据集。在Exp中的CVD的字分布中。1，因为第二PC分数趋于较小，所以单词的分类不清楚；五个单词评分的分数大约在一条线上，这反映了成对比较中使用的颜色在CVD中以一维缩放（与亮度相关）进行处理。在实验结果中。如图2所示，在CVN和CVD之间，负载的单词分布相似，并且颜色分数分布具有类似的显示椭圆形色调圆圈的趋势；这可能是由于他们与颜色名称而不是颜色外观相关联的经验造成的（尽管在CVD的数据中短轴的半径较短）。实验之间单词分布的比较表明，色调可以稳定地表达两到五个语义单词印象，但是其他单词的印象，例如CVN的“宏伟”和CVD的“精细”则不能。对于所有观察者，色相圈在概念上都保留在SD度量中；但是，没有将其保留在CVD的配对比较中。对一个组合数据集的分析表明2D颜色分布不是由3D颜色系统引起的，因为2D颜色分布涉及亮度缩放。对于所有观察者，色相圈在概念上都保留在SD度量中；但是，没有将其保留在CVD的配对比较中。对一个组合数据集的分析表明2D颜色分布不是由3D颜色系统引起的，因为2D颜色分布涉及亮度缩放。对于所有观察者，色相圈在概念上都保留在SD度量中；但是，没有将其保留在CVD的配对比较中。对一个组合数据集的分析表明2D颜色分布不是由3D颜色系统引起的，因为2D颜色分布涉及亮度缩放。