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The trends in land surface heat fluxes over global monsoon domains and their responses to monsoon and precipitation.
Scientific Reports ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62467-0
Jian Zeng 1, 2 , Qiang Zhang 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

The climatology, trends and leading modes of land surface latent heat flux (LHF) and sensible heat flux (SHF) as well as their responses to monsoon and precipitation in global land monsoon domains are presented. During the past three decades, LHF and SHF have generally undergone a rising and decreasing trend (that is, (LHF+, SHF−)), respectively, in Asian, North African, Austrian, and South American monsoon domains. Moreover, the increasing rate of LHF was higher than the decreasing rate of SHF, which causes a decreased trend in Bowen ratio. Two other dominant trend patterns, (LHF−, SHF−) and (LHF+, SHF+), are observed in South African and South American monsoon domains, respectively. The trends in LHF and SHF are closely linked to increasing global monsoon intensity and precipitation, especially for the monsoon domain that has annual precipitation lower than 1300 mm yr−1. Singular value decomposition (SVD) analyses show that monsoon strength explains 25.2% and 22.2% total covariance of LHF and SHF respectively in the first modes, and that precipitation slightly raises the percentages up to 27.8% and 24% respectively. The increasing monsoon and precipitation on one hand favor more land surface available energy being converted into LHF; on the other hand they enhance the LHF by increasing the land surface net radiation. Moreover, remarkable phase shifts in LHF and SHF are observed for monsoon domains during late-1990s, which are in phase with those of precipitation and monsoon strength. The intensifying LHF and precipitation indicate the acceleration of hydrological cycle in global terrestrial monsoon domains.



中文翻译:

全球季风区域的地表热通量趋势及其对季风和降水的响应。

介绍了全球陆地季风域地表潜热通量(LHF)和显热通量(SHF)的气候,趋势和主导模式,以及它们对季风和降水的响应。在过去的三十年中,在亚洲,北非,奥地利和南美季风地区,LHF和SHF总体上分别经历了上升和下降趋势(即(LHF +,SHF-))。此外,LHF的增加速率高于SHF的减少速率,这引起鲍文比的降低趋势。在南非和南美季风区域分别观察到另外两个主要趋势模式(LHF-,SHF-)和(LHF +,SHF +)。LHF和SHF的趋势与全球季风强度和降水增加密切相关,-1。奇异值分解(SVD)分析表明,季风强度分别解释了在第一模式下LHF和SHF的总协方差,分别为25.2%和22.2%,而降水略微提高了比例,分别达到27.8%和24%。季风和降水的增加一方面有利于将更多的地面可用能量转化为低热值;另一方面,它们通过增加陆地表面的净辐射来增强LHF。此外,在1990年代后期,季风区域观测到LHF和SHF的显着相移,这与降水和季风强度相移。LHF和降水的增加表明全球陆地季风域的水文循环加快。

更新日期:2020-04-01
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