It is very meaningful to develop large-scale, low-cost technology for fabricating efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to accelerate their commercialization. Doctor-blading is one of important scalable technologies for processing PSCs, but the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of fully doctor-bladed PSCs, including electron transport layer, perovskite layer and hole transport layer, are still lag far behind the PSCs fabricated via conventional spin-coating technology, especially fabricated in ambient condition. Herein, highly efficient planar heterojunction PSCs with a structure of ITO/SnO₂/FA_xMA_(1-x)PbI_yBr_(3-y)/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag are achieved by fully doctor-blading technique in ambient condition, in which high-quality perovskite films with low trap-density are fabricated via two-step sequential deposition with a low temperature process by simultaneously introducing composition engineering and additive-doping technology. Organic cation is added into the PbI₂ precursor to reduce the uneven distribution of nucleation sites in the perovskite films during doctor-blading process and promote the uniform growth of perovskite grain. Moreover, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetra-cyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ) acted as the doping additive is employed into perovskite, resulting in healing the perovskite grain boundary and reducing trap-density accordingly. As a result, the doctor-bladed PSCs fabricated in ambient condition exhibit the champion PCE of 18% and a stabilized efficiency of 17.7%. Furthermore, PSCs fabricated via fully doctor-blading in ambient condition achieve the PCE of 17.0% with negligible hysteresis. This work provides an important strategy for scalable fabrication of efficient PSCs in ambient condition and potentially accelerates the commercialization.

开发大规模，低成本的技术来制造高效钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）以加速其商业化意义重大。刮刀是处理PSC的重要可扩展技术之一，但是完全刮刀的PSC（包括电子传输层，钙钛矿层和空穴传输层）的功率转换效率（PCE）仍然远远落后于通过常规方法制造的PSC。旋涂技术，特别是在环境条件下制造的。在此，结构为ITO / SnO ₂ / FA _x MA _{（1- x）} PbI _y Br _{（3- y）的}高效平面异质结PSC/ Spiro-OMeTAD / Ag是在环境条件下通过完全刮涂技术实现的，其中通过同时引入组成工程和添加剂的两步顺序沉积和低温工艺，制造出具有低陷阱密度的高质量钙钛矿薄膜掺杂技术。有机阳离子被添加到PbI _2中前驱体可减少刮刀加工过程中钙钛矿薄膜中形核部位的不均匀分布，并促进钙钛矿晶粒的均匀生长。此外，钙钛矿中使用了2,3,5,6-四氟-7,7,8,8-四氰基喹二甲烷（F4-TCNQ）作为掺杂添加剂，从而使钙钛矿晶界得到修复并降低了陷阱密度。相应地。结果，在环境条件下制造的刮刀式PSC表现出18％的最佳PCE和17.7％的稳定效率。此外，通过在环境条件下完全刮刀制造的PSC可以实现17.0％的PCE，而滞后可以忽略不计。这项工作为在环境条件下高效PSC的可扩展制造提供了重要的策略，并有可能加速商业化。