Abstract The minor lipids of human milk fat, mainly originating from the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), provide several nutritionally important components, including gangliosides, cholesteryl esters and polar lipids (PLs; e.g., phospholipids and sphingolipids). These components are typically lower in infant formula (IF) than in human milk, since the former primarily contain vegetable oils as lipid sources. In this study, IF and growing up milk (GUM) prototypes containing a specific α-lactalbumin-enriched whey protein concentrate (80% protein) were produced to have higher levels of cholesterol, gangliosides and PLs than prototypes containing whey protein concentrate (35% protein). In the case of the enriched IF, PLs (46 mg 100 mL−1), gangliosides (2.20 mg 100 mL−1) and cholesterol (10.0 mg 100 mL−1) levels were all similar to those reported for human milk, demonstrating that appropriate ingredient selection can be used to achieve a lipid profile closer to human milk without the need for specialised MFGM fractions.

中文翻译：

---

用富含 α 乳清蛋白的乳清蛋白浓缩物生产的婴儿配方奶粉和成长乳的极性脂质、神经节苷脂和胆固醇含量

摘要 人乳脂肪中的微量脂质主要来自乳脂肪球膜 (MFGM)，提供多种重要的营养成分，包括神经节苷脂、胆固醇酯和极性脂质 (PLs；例如，磷脂和鞘脂)。婴儿配方奶粉 (IF) 中的这些成分通常低于人乳，因为前者主要含有植物油作为脂质来源。在这项研究中，含有特定 α-乳清蛋白浓缩乳清蛋白浓缩物（80% 蛋白质）的 IF 和成长乳 (GUM) 原型比含有浓缩乳清蛋白的原型（35% 蛋白质）具有更高水平的胆固醇、神经节苷脂和 PL蛋白质）。在富集 IF 的情况下，PLs (46 mg 100 mL-1)、神经节苷脂 (2.20 mg 100 mL-1) 和胆固醇 (10.