Photocatalytic organic synthesis, utilizing economical and clean solar energy, can significantly decrease fossil energy consumption and environmental pollution but still suffers from low conversion efficiency and poor selectivity. Exploring advanced two-dimensional (2D) photocatalysts by introducing surface defects such as vacancy, functional modification, hybrid structure, and structural distortions are demonstrated to be effective strategies for increasing conversion efficiency and selectivity of relevant photocatalytic reactions. This review provides an overview of recent reports about the roles of surface defect engineering played on organic synthesis of 2D photocatalysts. In detail, a series of selective organic reactions and conversions of CO₂ to valuable organic chemicals along with their corresponding mechanisms are presented, clarifying relationships between the introduced defects and photocatalytic performances of 2D photocatalysts. Finally, the difficulties and challenges as well as personal perspectives of possible solutions on designing advanced 2D photocatalysts by surface defect engineering for organic synthesis are proposed.

利用经济和清洁的太阳能进行光催化有机合成可以显着减少化石能源的消耗和环境污染，但转换效率低且选择性差。通过引入空位，功能改性，杂化结构和结构畸变等表面缺陷来探索先进的二维（2D）光催化剂被证明是提高转化效率和相关光催化反应选择性的有效策略。这篇综述提供了有关表面缺陷工程在2D光催化剂有机合成中的作用的最新报告的概述。详细地讲，一系列选择性的有机反应和CO _2的转化介绍了有价值的有机化学物质及其相应的机理，阐明了引入的缺陷与二维光催化剂的光催化性能之间的关系。最后，提出了通过表面缺陷工程设计有机合成高级二维光催化剂的难题和挑战以及可能解决方案的个人见解。