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Olfactory Influences on Visual Categorization: Behavioral and ERP Evidence.
Cerebral Cortex ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-30 , DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa050
Thomas Hörberg 1, 2 , Maria Larsson 1 , Ingrid Ekström 2, 3 , Camilla Sandöy 1 , Peter Lundén 1 , Jonas K Olofsson 1
Affiliation  

Visual stimuli often dominate nonvisual stimuli during multisensory perception. Evidence suggests higher cognitive processes prioritize visual over nonvisual stimuli during divided attention. Visual stimuli should thus be disproportionally distracting when processing incongruent cross-sensory stimulus pairs. We tested this assumption by comparing visual processing with olfaction, a “primitive” sensory channel that detects potentially hazardous chemicals by alerting attention. Behavioral and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were assessed in a bimodal object categorization task with congruent or incongruent odor–picture pairings and a delayed auditory target that indicated whether olfactory or visual cues should be categorized. For congruent pairings, accuracy was higher for visual compared to olfactory decisions. However, for incongruent pairings, reaction times (RTs) were faster for olfactory decisions. Behavioral results suggested that incongruent odors interfered more with visual decisions, thereby providing evidence for an “olfactory dominance” effect. Categorization of incongruent pairings engendered a late “slow wave” ERP effect. Importantly, this effect had a later amplitude peak and longer latency during visual decisions, likely reflecting additional categorization effort for visual stimuli in the presence of incongruent odors. In sum, contrary to what might be inferred from theories of “visual dominance,” incongruent odors may in fact uniquely attract mental processing resources during perceptual incongruence.

中文翻译:

嗅觉对视觉分类的影响:行为和 ERP 证据。

在多感官知觉过程中,视觉刺激常常主导非视觉刺激。有证据表明,在分散注意力期间,更高的认知过程优先考虑视觉而不是非视觉刺激。因此,在处理不一致的交叉感官刺激对时,视觉刺激应该不成比例地分散注意力。我们通过比较视觉处理与嗅觉来测试这一假设,嗅觉是一种“原始”感官通道,通过提醒注意来检测潜在的危险化学物质。在具有一致或不一致的气味-图片配对和延迟听觉目标的双峰对象分类任务中评估行为和事件相关脑电位 (ERP),该目标指示是否应对嗅觉或视觉线索进行分类。对于一致配对,与嗅觉决定相比,视觉的准确性更高。然而,对于不一致的配对,嗅觉决定的反应时间 (RT) 更快。行为结果表明,不一致的气味会更多地干扰视觉决策,从而为“嗅觉优势”效应提供证据。不一致配对的分类产生了晚期“慢波”ERP 效应。重要的是,这种效应在视觉决策过程中具有较晚的振幅峰值和较长的延迟,这可能反映了在存在不一致气味的情况下对视觉刺激进行额外分类的努力。总之,与可能从“视觉支配”理论推断的相反,不一致的气味实际上可能在知觉不一致期间独特地吸引心理处理资源。行为结果表明,不一致的气味会更多地干扰视觉决策,从而为“嗅觉优势”效应提供证据。不一致配对的分类产生了晚期“慢波”ERP 效应。重要的是,这种效应在视觉决策过程中具有较晚的振幅峰值和较长的延迟,这可能反映了在存在不一致气味的情况下对视觉刺激进行额外分类的努力。总之,与可能从“视觉支配”理论推断的相反,不一致的气味实际上可能在知觉不一致期间独特地吸引心理处理资源。行为结果表明,不一致的气味会更多地干扰视觉决策,从而为“嗅觉优势”效应提供证据。不一致配对的分类产生了晚期“慢波”ERP 效应。重要的是,这种效应在视觉决策过程中具有较晚的振幅峰值和较长的延迟,这可能反映了在存在不一致气味的情况下对视觉刺激进行额外分类的努力。总之,与可能从“视觉支配”理论推断的相反,不一致的气味实际上可能在知觉不一致期间独特地吸引心理处理资源。这种效果在视觉决策过程中具有较晚的振幅峰值和较长的延迟,这可能反映了在存在不一致气味的情况下对视觉刺激进行额外分类的努力。总之,与可能从“视觉支配”理论推断的相反,不一致的气味实际上可能在知觉不一致期间独特地吸引心理处理资源。这种效果在视觉决策过程中具有较晚的振幅峰值和较长的延迟,这可能反映了在存在不一致气味的情况下对视觉刺激进行额外分类的努力。总之,与可能从“视觉支配”理论推断的相反,不一致的气味实际上可能在知觉不一致期间独特地吸引心理处理资源。
更新日期:2020-03-31
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