The contingent negative variation (CNV) is an event-related potential that provides a neural index of psychomotor processes (eg, attention and motor planning) well known to be dysfunctional in schizophrenia. Although evidence suggests that CNV amplitude is blunted in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) compared to healthy controls (HCs), there is currently no meta-analytic evidence for the size of the effect. Further, it is unknown how CNV blunting compares to closely related measures of psychomotor dysfunction, such as reaction time slowing. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled effect size (ES) across 30 studies investigating CNV amplitude differences between patients and HCs (N_SZ = 685, N_HC = 714). Effect sizes for reaction time slowing across the studies were also quantified. Potential moderators, including sample characteristics and aspects of the CNV measurement, were examined. There was robust blunting of CNV activity in patients compared to HCs (ES = −0.79). The magnitude of this effect did not differ from reaction time slowing. Notably, CNV blunting in patients was significantly greater at central sites (ES = −0.87) compared to frontal sites (ES = −0.48). No other assessed methodological characteristics significantly moderated the magnitude of CNV differences. There is a large effect for CNV blunting in SZ that appears robust to potential confounds or methodological moderators. In addition, reduced CNV activity was statistically comparable to that of reaction time slowing. Blunting was the largest at central electrodes, which has been implicated in motor preparation. These findings speak to the complexity of psychomotor dysfunction in SZ and suggest significant promise for a biomarker.

中文翻译：

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精神分裂症的偶发性负变异钝化和精神运动功能障碍：系统评价

或有负性变化（CNV）是一种与事件相关的电位，可提供精神运动过程（例如，注意力和运动计划）的神经指标，众所周知，该过程在精神分裂症中功能障碍。尽管有证据表明，与健康对照组（HCs）相比，精神分裂症（SZ）患者的CNV振幅减弱了，但目前尚无有关影响大小的荟萃分析证据。此外，尚不知道CNV钝化与精神运动功能障碍的密切相关措施（例如反应时间变慢）相比如何。我们使用随机效应模型计算了30项研究患者和HCs之间的CNV幅度差异的汇总效应量（ES）（N _SZ = 685，N _HC= 714）。还量化了整个研究中反应时间减慢的效应大小。检查了潜在的主持人，包括样本特征和CNV测量的各个方面。与HCs相比，患者CNV活性明显减弱（ES = -0.79）。这种影响的程度与反应时间的减慢没有区别。值得注意的是，与额叶部位（ES = -0.48）相比，患者的中央部位CNV钝化明显更大（ES = -0.87）。没有其他评估的方法学特征显着缓解CNV差异的幅度。SZ中CNV钝化的影响很大，对于潜在的混淆或方法论主持人而言似乎很稳健。此外，降低的CNV活性在统计学上可与反应时间减慢相媲美。在中央电极处钝器最大，这与运动准备有关。这些发现说明了深圳精神运动功能障碍的复杂性，并为生物标志物的开发提供了重要的希望。