Zero valent iron/carbon composites were successfully synthesized from commercial iron oxide and graphite (ZVI/C) and also by using graphite obtained from spent Li-ion batteries and iron oxide from mill scale (ZVI/C-X) as a new approach for the valorization of these waste. The composites were synthesized through carbothermic reactions and tested as catalysts for the degradation of ibuprofen from water by Fenton reaction. The optimal conditions for synthesizing ZVI/C composites were a temperature of 1000 °C maintained for 2 h. The structural, and textural features of ZVI/C with different ZVI mass ratios were characterized by different techniques. ZVI/C composites with higher ZVI mass ratios showed higher degradation rates for the removal of ibuprofen both in presence and absence of H2O2. Moreover, ZVI/C-X composite, obtained from industrial waste, showed activity even after four consecutive cycles of use with very low concentration of iron ions in solution after reaction (4.8 mg L-1 after 4 h), which supports the high stability and low Fe-lixiviation of ZVI/C-X composite. The results of this study prove the possibility of synthesizing composites using graphite from spent Li-ion batteries and iron oxide from mill scale, and their potential for the degradation of ibuprofen in water, with comparable activities to those obtained from commercial feedstocks.

中文翻译：

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商业来源和废锂离子电池中的ZVI /碳复合材料的性能比较以及用于去除水中布洛芬的工厂规模。

从市售氧化铁和石墨（ZVI / C）成功地合成了零价铁/碳复合材料，并且还使用了废锂离子电池获得的石墨和工厂规模的氧化铁（ZVI / CX）作为增值的新方法这些废物中。通过碳热反应合成了复合材料，并测试了其通过芬顿反应从水中降解布洛芬的催化剂。合成ZVI / C复合材料的最佳条件是保持1000°C的温度2小时。具有不同ZVI质量比的ZVI / C的结构和质地特征是通过不同技术表征的。具有较高ZVI质量比的ZVI / C复合材料在存在和不存在H2O2的情况下均显示出较高的降解率，用于去除布洛芬。此外，从工业废料中获得的ZVI / CX复合材料 即使在连续四个使用周期后仍显示出活性，反应后溶液中的铁离子浓度非常低（4 h后为4.8 mg L-1），这支持ZVI / CX复合材料的高稳定性和低铁浸出。这项研究的结果证明了使用废锂离子电池中的石墨和工厂规模的氧化铁来合成复合物的可能性，以及它们在水中降解布洛芬的潜力，其活性与从商业原料获得的活性相当。