Globally, there are a wide variety of policies in place that could help contribute to deep greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions in the light-duty vehicle sector. Most regions are impacted by a mix of such policies. However, the transportation literature has devoted little attention to policy mixes, especially in the light-duty vehicles sector, so here we review and draw insights from the broader, mostly non-transport literature. We identify several rationales for pursuing mixes of policies: (i) the “three legs” approach to transport decarbonization, namely that different policies should address different GHG reduction areas (low-carbon fuels, vehicle efficiency and reduced travel demand), (ii) the “market failure” perspective that a different policy is needed to correct each market failure, (iii) the “political process” perspective that considers the real-world need for a policy mix to be perceived as political acceptability, and (iv) the “systems” perspective that policy needs to send signals to channel technological innovation and break the lock-in of incumbent practices. Based on this review, we develop a simple framework for examining policy interactions across multiple criteria, namely GHG mitigation, cost-effectiveness, political acceptability, and transformative signal. We demonstrate this framework by setting hypotheses for interactions across six light-duty vehicle policies in the case of British Columbia, Canada – including a carbon tax, electric vehicle purchase incentives, infrastructure deployment, and three regulations. We conclude with a summary of important research gaps and implications for policy design, as well as quantitative modeling.

在全球范围内，有各种各样的政策可以帮助减轻轻型汽车领域的温室气体排放量。大多数地区都受到多种政策的影响。但是，运输文献很少关注政策组合，尤其是在轻型车辆领域，因此在这里，我们回顾并从更广泛的，主要是非运输文献中得出见解。我们确定了推行多种政策的几种理由：（i）运输脱碳的“三腿”方法，即不同的政策应解决不同的温室气体减排领域（低碳燃料，车辆效率和减少的出行需求），从“市场失灵”的角度来看，需要采取不同的政策来纠正每个市场失灵，（iii）从“政治过程”的角度考虑现实世界中将政策组合视为政治可接受性的需求，以及（iv）从“系统”的角度考虑政策需要发送信号以引导技术创新并打破锁定-现有的做法。在此审查的基础上，我们开发了一个简单的框架来检查跨多个标准的政策互动，这些标准包括温室气体减排，成本效益，政治可接受性和变革信号。我们通过为加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的六种轻型汽车政策之间的相互作用设定假设来证明这一框架，其中包括碳税，电动汽车购买激励措施，基础设施部署和三项法规。最后，我们总结了重要的研究差距以及对政策设计的影响，