Abstract Tomato is known to be among the most affected crops for several Frankliniella schultzei transmitted tospoviruses that cause extensive economic losses worldwide. Despite the importance of this insect as a vector in tomato, no research-based economic thresholds or sampling plans have been developed for use in integrated pest management (IPM) programs for this pest on tomato. Here, six sampling schemes and the sampling distribution of F. schultzei on tomato were investigated. We also developed and evaluated eight sampling plans for F. schultzei on tomato using nominal thresholds, numerous field data sets and computer simulation. Beating the tomato plant apical section over a white plastic tray was the best sampling method to assess F. schultzei density. In addition, F. schultzei had an aggregated sampling distribution in tomato fields. Both sequential and conventional plans resulted in similar decision-making outcomes; however, depending on the nominal threshold adopted, the economy of time when using the sequential sampling plans in relation to conventional sampling plans ranged from 30% to 80%. The beating tray sampling method used in this study provided the best accuracy and was most cost-effective for F. schultzei sampling. The nominal thresholds associated with the binomial sequential sampling plans developed are an efficient and time-saving option for managing F. schultzei and the associated tospovirus complex in tomato, contributing toward improved integrated pest management programs for this economic pest of tomato.

中文翻译：

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番茄上 Frankliniella schultzei 采样计划的制定和验证

摘要 众所周知，番茄是受多种舒尔茨富兰克氏菌传播的 tospovirus 影响最严重的作物之一，在全球范围内造成广泛的经济损失。尽管这种昆虫作为番茄的载体很重要，但尚未开发出基于研究的经济阈值或抽样计划，用于针对这种番茄害虫的综合害虫管理 (IPM) 计划。在这里，研究了六个采样方案和 F. schultzei 在番茄上的采样分布。我们还使用名义阈值、大量现场数据集和计算机模拟为番茄上的 F. schultzei 开发和评估了八个采样计划。在白色塑料托盘上敲打番茄植株顶端部分是评估 F. schultzei 密度的最佳采样方法。此外，F. schultzei 在番茄田中具有聚集的抽样分布。顺序计划和常规计划都产生了相似的决策结果；然而，根据采用的名义阈值，与传统抽样计划相比，使用顺序抽样计划的时间经济性介于 30% 到 80% 之间。本研究中使用的打浆盘采样方法为 F. schultzei 采样提供了最佳准确度并且最具成本效益。与制定的二项式顺序抽样计划相关的名义阈值是管理番茄中的 F. schultzei 和相关的 tospovirus 复合体的有效且省时的选择，有助于改进针对这种番茄经济害虫的综合害虫管理计划。与传统抽样计划相比，使用顺序抽样计划的时间经济性从 30% 到 80% 不等。本研究中使用的打浆盘采样方法为 F. schultzei 采样提供了最佳准确度并且最具成本效益。与制定的二项式顺序抽样计划相关的名义阈值是管理番茄中的 F. schultzei 和相关的 tospovirus 复合体的有效且省时的选择，有助于改进针对这种番茄经济害虫的综合害虫管理计划。与传统抽样计划相比，使用顺序抽样计划的时间经济性从 30% 到 80% 不等。本研究中使用的打浆盘采样方法为 F. schultzei 采样提供了最佳准确度并且最具成本效益。与制定的二项式顺序抽样计划相关的名义阈值是管理番茄中的 F. schultzei 和相关的 tospovirus 复合体的有效且省时的选择，有助于改进针对这种番茄经济害虫的综合害虫管理计划。