Abstract In most power systems, residual costs (including, but not limited to, residual network costs and renewable support costs), are allocated through volumetric charges. This design, whose inefficiency has been latent in the last decades, is being challenged by the deployment of distributed energy resources, through which high-consumption customers may dramatically reduce the share of residual costs they pay, leaving a deficit to be paid by other customers. In principle, the most efficient alternative appears to be to allocate residual costs through fixed charges, but if these charges are flat, tariff equity is endangered. This article analyses the problem according to ratemaking theory, reviews the different allocation methodologies considered to date, and proposes a solution, based on uneven fixed charges, that allows to achieve efficiency, equity and cost recovery in modern electricity tariffs.

中文翻译：

---

重新设计电价中的剩余成本分配：平衡效率、公平和成本回收的建议

摘要 在大多数电力系统中，剩余成本（包括但不限于剩余网络成本和可再生能源支持成本）通过体积收费来分配。这种在过去几十年中一直处于低效率状态的设计正受到分布式能源部署的挑战，通过分布式能源，高消耗客户可能会大大减少他们支付的剩余成本份额，留下由其他客户支付的赤字. 原则上，最有效的替代方案似乎是通过固定费用来分配剩余成本，但如果这些费用是固定的，关税公平就会受到威胁。本文根据费率制定理论分析了该问题，回顾了迄今为止考虑的不同分配方法，并提出了基于不均匀固定费用的解决方案，以实现效率，