The safety, affordability, and impressive electrochemical performance of many Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) has recently triggered an overwhelming literature surge. As is typical for a new area, initial enthusiasm and high expectations have now been replaced by a more measured period of research that reaches deep into the underlying factors controlling electrochemical properties. Rather than battery metrics, this review focuses on fundamental aspects of the chemistry of ZIBs that are the least understood and on which there has been progress over the last few years. We provide guidance for future research regarding (1) the significant challenge of proton/Zn²⁺ co-intercalation in aqueous media, (2) limitations to conversion chemistry that often accompanies ZIB electrochemistry, (3) positive aspects of facile Zn²⁺ (de)intercalation in nonaqueous electrolytes and organic cathode materials, (4) the desolvation penalty at electrode-electrolyte interfaces, (5) solutions for controlling Zn dendritic growth, and (6) suggested electrochemistry protocols for the field.

最近，许多锌离子电池（ZIB）的安全性，可承受性和令人印象深刻的电化学性能引发了压倒性的文献热潮。正如一个新领域的典型情况一样，最初的热情和很高的期望现在已被更衡量的研究时期所取代，该研究时期深入到控制电化学性能的根本因素。这次审查不是电池指标，而是重点关注ZIB化学的基本方面，这些基本知识鲜为人知，并且在最近几年中已取得进展。我们为以下方面的未来研究提供指导：（1）质子/ Zn ²⁺在水介质中共嵌入的重大挑战；（2）经常伴随ZIB电化学的转化化学的局限性；（3）轻度锌的积极方面在非水电解质和有机阴极材料中进行²⁺（去）嵌入，（4）在电极-电解质界面处的去溶剂化罚分，（5）用于控制Zn树突状生长的溶液，以及（6）建议用于该领域的电化学方案。