Fabricating an electron extraction layer (EEL) with a metal doping transition metal oxide (TMO) in inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) and organic solar cells (OSCs) is a simple and efficient process for enhancing photovoltaic properties. Here, the universal benefits and common factors that influence both PeSCs and OSCs as a result of changes in Al‐doped TiO₂ properties are investigated. These common factors are identified in two separate mechanisms. The first involves surface smoothing of TiO₂ films, which affects the formation of a high crystalline active layer and reduces recombination between the electron extraction and active layers. The second involves bandgap widening of TiO₂, which reduces the activation energy and enhances the quenching efficiency of devices. These factors are demonstrated in various measurements. The results will help in understanding the fundamental benefits of Al‐doped TiO₂ in solution‐processed thin‐film solar cells.

中文翻译：

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铝-有机杂化钙钛矿和有机太阳能电池中铝掺杂的TiO2作为电子提取层的通用工艺

在无机-有机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池（PeSCs）和有机太阳能电池（OSCs）中用金属掺杂过渡金属氧化物（TMO）制造电子提取层（EEL）是一种简单而有效的方法，可以提高光伏性能。在这里，研究了铝掺杂的TiO ₂性能变化对PeSCs和OSCs的普遍影响和共同因素。这些共同因素是通过两种独立的机制确定的。首先涉及TiO ₂薄膜的表面平滑处理，这会影响高结晶活性层的形成并减少电子提取层和活性层之间的复合。第二个涉及TiO _2的带隙增宽，从而降低了活化能并提高了设备​​的淬灭效率。这些因素在各种测量中得到了证明。研究结果将有助于理解铝掺杂的TiO ₂在溶液处理薄膜太阳能电池中的基本益处。