Livestock is the predominant biomass in terrestrial systems around the world, and conflict with livestock inventories continues to threaten large carnivore persistence in increasingly fragmented habitats. Nevertheless, social tolerance for large carnivores is increasing, as is interest in predator tourism, which can facilitate wildlife–livestock coexistence strategies. We report two case studies in which natural disasters led to a reduction in local livestock inventories, and subsequent economic hardships that in turn created opportunities for initiating predator tourism: jaguar tourism in the Pantanal of Brazil and puma tourism in the Patagonia steppe grasslands of southern Chile. Any time livestock numbers are reduced, whether through management decisions or natural disasters, may be considered opportunities to reduce dependency upon livestock and to weigh diversifying revenue streams via alternative activities, such as tourism. Livestock reductions in combination with a surge in the global demand for wildlife tourism have made jaguar and puma tourism an increasingly important economic activity for both regions. Well‐managed predator tourism can be effective carnivore conservation, and if integrated among other strategies, can augment conservation agendas.

中文翻译：

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自然灾害是否为在南美发起大猫旅游创造了机会？

牲畜是世界各地陆地系统中主要的生物量，与牲畜存量的冲突继续威胁着食肉动物在日益分散的生境中的持久性。尽管如此，对大型食肉动物的社会容忍度也在提高，对捕食者旅游的兴趣也在增加，这可以促进野生动物与牲畜共存的战略。我们报告了两个案例研究，在这些案例中，自然灾害导致本地牲畜存量减少，随后的经济困难又为发起捕食者旅游创造了机会：巴西潘塔纳尔的美洲虎旅游和智利南部巴塔哥尼亚草原的美洲狮旅游。每当减少牲畜数量时，无论是通过管理决策还是自然灾害，可以被视为减少对牲畜的依赖并通过其他活动（例如旅游业）衡量多样化收入来源的机会。牲畜减少加上全球对野生动植物旅游的需求激增，使美洲虎和美洲狮旅游成为这两个地区日益重要的经济活动。管理完善的捕食者旅游可以有效地保护肉食动物，如果将其与其他策略整合，则可以扩大保护议程。