Ion-pairing assemblies consisting of appropriately designed charged π-electronic species afford various functional supramolecular assemblies, including crystals and soft materials; they are formed by the anisotropic arrangement of charged π-electronic species through electrostatic and other weak noncovalent interactions. The design, synthesis and combination of charged π-electronic species (ion-pair formation) are crucial for the preparation of functional dimension-controlled assemblies. This article includes the prologue and progress of ion-pairing assemblies comprising π-electronic ions. Synthesis of π-electronic ions, preparation of ion pairs, fabrication of assemblies as crystals, gels and liquid crystals and their characteristic properties are summarized.

中文翻译：

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π电子离子对组装的第一个十年

由适当设计的带电π电子物质组成的离子对组件可提供各种功能性超分子组件，包括晶体和软材料；它们是由带电的π电子物种通过静电和其他弱非共价相互作用的各向异性排列形成的。带电π电子物质（离子对形成）的设计，合成和组合对于制备功能尺寸受控的组件至关重要。本文介绍了包含π电子离子的离子对组件的序言和进展。总结了π电子离子的合成，离子对的制备，晶体，凝胶和液晶的组装及其特性。