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Bone retouchers and technological continuity in the Middle Stone Age of North Africa.
PLOS ONE ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-30 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230642
Elaine Turner 1 , Louise Humphrey 2 , Abdeljalil Bouzouggar 3, 4 , Nick Barton 5
Affiliation  

Evidence for specialised bone tools has recently been reported for the Middle Stone Age of North Africa [one], which complements similar finds of slightly younger age in South Africa [two, three]. However, until now scant reference has been made to lesser known tools also made of bone (‘bone retouchers’) that were employed specifically as intermediaries for working or refining stone artefacts, that are sometimes present in these assemblages. In this paper we describe 20 bone retouchers from the cave of Grotte des Pigeons at Taforalt in north-east Morocco. This is the largest stratified assemblage of bone retouchers from a North African MSA site, and the biggest single collection so far from the African Continent. A total of 18 bone retouchers was recovered in securely dated archaeological levels spanning a period from ~ 84.5 ka to 24 ka cal BP. A further two bone retouchers were found in a layer at the base of the deposits in association with Aterian artefacts dating to around 85,000 BP and so far represent the earliest evidence of this type of tool at Taforalt. In this paper we present a first, detailed description of the finds and trace the stages of their production, use and discard (chaîne opératoire). At the same time, we assess if there were diachronic changes in their form and function and, finally, explore their presence in relation to stone tools from the same occupation layers of the cave.



中文翻译:

北非中石器时代的骨修饰和技术连续性。

最近有报道称,在北非中石器时代[1],有专门的骨骼工具的证据,这补充了南非稍年轻年龄的类似发现[2、3]。但是,到目前为止,很少提及由骨制成的鲜为人知的工具(“骨修饰器”),这些工具专门用作加工或提炼石材的中间物,有时会出现在这些组合物中。在本文中,我们描述了摩洛哥东北部Taforalt的Grotte des Pigeons洞穴中的20种骨骼修饰剂。这是来自北非MSA站点的最大的分层骨修复剂组合,也是迄今为止非洲大陆迄今为止最大的单个集合。在安全可靠的考古学水平上,共回收了18个骨修复剂,范围从〜84.5 ka到24 ka cal BP。在矿床底部的一层中还发现了另外两个骨修饰剂,与大约85,000 BP的Aterian人工制品有关,是迄今为止在Taforalt这类工具的最早证据。在本文中,我们对发现的内容进行了详细的描述,并追溯了发现,生产和使用的阶段(Chaîneopératoire)。同时,我们评估了它们的形式和功能是否存在历时性变化,最后,探讨了它们与洞穴相同占领层中的石器有关的情况。

更新日期:2020-03-30
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