BACKGROUND Increasing portion size has been shown to increase energy intake. However, little is known about the effect of reducing portion size on subsequent consumption and the consequent energy intake. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of decreasing portion size of an entrée on the amount of dessert consumed as a following course. METHODS A total of 81 participants were instructed to consume a lunch entrée and dessert ad libitum. The participants were given the same entrée and dessert on the same day of the week for four consecutive weeks. However, the entrée was reduced to 90%, 85%, 80%, and 75% of the amount they consumed in the first week of the study. Participants were randomized into four groups and were served the reduced entrée according to a Latin square design. Dessert was consumed ad libitum. In addition, subjects' hunger and satiety levels were assessed before the entrée, after the entrée, and after dessert. RESULTS Reducing portion size had no effect on the amount of dessert consumed despite the finding that measures of hunger and satiety indicated that participants experienced increased hunger at 80% and 75% portion reductions. CONCLUSIONS Reduction in the portion size of an entrée by up to 25% did not increase the amount of dessert consumed, despite an increase in perceived hunger at lower portion sizes. Further investigation is needed to study how much further portion size could be reduced with a sustained decrease in energy intake without compensation, as well as to examine potential interventions for portion control that could reduce daily energy intake.

中文翻译：

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减少主菜份量不会影响消耗的甜点量

背景技术增加份量已被证明会增加能量摄入。然而，关于减少份量对后续消费和随之而来的能量摄入的影响知之甚少。目标 本研究的目的是检查减少主菜份量对后续菜品消耗的甜点量的影响。方法 共有 81 名参与者被指示随意食用午餐主菜和甜点。参与者连续四个星期在一周的同一天获得相同的主菜和甜点。然而，在研究的第一周，主菜减少到他们消耗量的 90%、85%、80% 和 75%。参与者被随机分为四组，并根据拉丁方设计提供减少的主菜。甜点随意食用。此外，在主菜之前、主菜之后和甜点之后评估受试者的饥饿和饱腹感。结果 减少份量对消耗的甜点量没有影响，尽管饥饿和饱腹感的测量表明参与者在减少 80% 和 75% 份量时饥饿感增加。结论 将主菜的份量减少多达 25% 并不会增加甜点的消耗量，尽管在较低份量时感知到的饥饿感会增加。需要进一步调查以研究在没有补偿的情况下持续减少能量摄入量可以进一步减少多少份量，并检查可能减少每日能量摄入量的份量控制的潜在干预措施。主菜后，甜点后。结果 减少份量对消耗的甜点量没有影响，尽管饥饿和饱腹感的测量表明参与者在减少 80% 和 75% 份量时饥饿感增加。结论 将主菜的份量减少多达 25% 并不会增加甜点的消耗量，尽管在较低份量时感知到的饥饿感会增加。需要进一步调查以研究在没有补偿的情况下持续减少能量摄入量可以进一步减少多少份量，并检查可能减少每日能量摄入量的份量控制的潜在干预措施。主菜后，甜点后。结果 减少份量对消耗的甜点量没有影响，尽管饥饿和饱腹感的测量表明参与者在减少 80% 和 75% 份量时饥饿感增加。结论 将主菜的份量减少多达 25% 并不会增加甜点的消耗量，尽管在较低份量时感知到的饥饿感会增加。需要进一步调查以研究在没有补偿的情况下持续减少能量摄入量可以进一步减少多少份量，并检查可能减少每日能量摄入量的份量控制的潜在干预措施。结果 减少份量对消耗的甜点量没有影响，尽管饥饿和饱腹感的测量表明参与者在减少 80% 和 75% 份量时饥饿感增加。结论 将主菜的份量减少多达 25% 并不会增加甜点的消耗量，尽管在较低份量时感知到的饥饿感会增加。需要进一步调查以研究在没有补偿的情况下持续减少能量摄入量可以进一步减少多少份量，并检查可能减少每日能量摄入量的份量控制的潜在干预措施。结果 减少份量对消耗的甜点量没有影响，尽管饥饿和饱腹感的测量表明参与者在减少 80% 和 75% 份量时饥饿感增加。结论 将主菜的份量减少多达 25% 并不会增加甜点的消耗量，尽管在较低份量时感知到的饥饿感会增加。需要进一步调查以研究在没有补偿的情况下持续减少能量摄入量可以进一步减少多少份量，并检查可能减少每日能量摄入量的份量控制的潜在干预措施。结论 将主菜的份量减少多达 25% 并不会增加甜点的消耗量，尽管在较低份量时感知到的饥饿感会增加。需要进一步调查以研究在没有补偿的情况下持续减少能量摄入量可以进一步减少多少份量，并检查可能减少每日能量摄入量的份量控制的潜在干预措施。结论 将主菜的份量减少多达 25% 并不会增加甜点的消耗量，尽管在较低份量时感知到的饥饿感会增加。需要进一步调查以研究在没有补偿的情况下持续减少能量摄入量可以进一步减少多少份量，并检查可能减少每日能量摄入量的份量控制的潜在干预措施。