Chlorinated solvents (CS)-contaminated groundwater poses serious risks to the environment and public health. Microorganisms play a vital role in efficient remediation of CS. In this study, the microbial community (bacterial and archaeal) composition of three CS-contaminated groundwater wells located at an abandoned chemical factory which covers three orders of magnitude in concentration (0.02-16.15 mg/L) were investigated via 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. The results indicated that Proteobacteria and Thaumarchaeota were the most abundant bacterial and archaeal groups at the phylum level in groundwater, respectively. The major bacterial genera (Flavobacterium sp., Mycobacterium sp. and unclassified Parcubacteria taxa, etc.) and archaeal genera (Thaumarchaeota Group C3, Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group and Miscellaneous Euryarchaeotic Group, etc.) might be involved in the dechlorination processes. In addition, Pearson's correlation analyses showed that alpha diversity of the bacterial community was not significantly correlated with CS concentration, while alpha diversity of archaeal community greatly decreased with the increased contamination of CS. Moreover, partial Mantel test indicated that oxidation-reduction potential, dissolved oxygen, temperature and methane concentration were major drivers of bacterial and archaeal community composition, whereas CS concentration had no significant impact, indicating that both indigenous bacterial and archaeal community compositions are capable of withstanding elevated CS contamination. This study improves our understanding of how the natural microbial community responds to high CS-contaminated groundwater.

中文翻译：

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受到自然衰减的氯化溶剂污染的地下水中细菌和古细菌的多样性。

受氯化溶剂（CS）污染的地下水对环境和公共健康构成严重威胁。微生物在有效修复CS中起着至关重要的作用。在这项研究中，通过高浓度16S rRNA基因研究了位于废弃化学工厂的三个CS污染的地下水井的微生物群落（细菌和古细菌）的组成，该化学厂覆盖了三个数量级的浓度（0.02-16.15 mg / L）。吞吐量排序。结果表明，在地下水系统中，Proteobacteria和Thaumarchaeota是最丰富的细菌和古细菌群。主要细菌属（黄杆菌属，分枝杆菌属和未分类的小类杆菌等）和古细菌属（Thaumarchaeota Group C3，脱氯过程可能涉及杂类颅古类和杂类古猿科等。此外，Pearson的相关分析表明，细菌群落的α多样性与CS浓度没有显着相关，而古细菌群落的α多样性随着CS污染的增加而大大降低。此外，部分Mantel试验表明，氧化还原电位，溶解氧，温度和甲烷浓度是细菌和古细菌群落组成的主要驱动力，而CS浓度则无显着影响，表明本地细菌和古细菌群落组成均能够耐受CS污染升高。