Previous observations of improvements in cognition in typically developing children following moderate to vigorous exercise (e.g., Budde, Voelcker-Rehage, Pietrabyk-Kendziorra, Ribeiro, & Tidow, 2008; Hillman et al., 2009) have led to increased interest in the potential benefits of exercise for children with neurodevelopmental disorders, involving difficulties in self-regulation (e.g., Halperin & Healey, 2011; Archer & Kostrzewa, 2012). Using a within-sample design, the current study looked at the beneficial effects of non-aerobic movement training (Tai Chi), compared to aerobic movement training (Kick Boxing), on behavioural measures of cognitive control and clinical measures of tic severity in a group of young people with Tourette Syndrome (TS). We demonstrate that Kick Boxing, but not Tai Chi, led to a significant enhancement in cognitive control task performance. Furthermore, while tic frequency (tics per minute) was reduced during both types of exercise, this reduction was significantly greater, and sustained for longer, following Kick Boxing. Importantly, the magnitude of the increase in cognitive control following Kick Boxing predicted the degree of reduction in tic frequency. These findings suggest that aerobic exercise may be a useful intervention for improving self-regulation of tics in young people with TS, probably through enhancements in associated cognitive control circuits.

先前关于中等强度到剧烈运动后典型发育中儿童认知能力改善的观察（例如，Budde，Voelcker-Rehage，Pietrabyk-Kendziorra，Ribeiro和Tidow，2008； Hillman等，2009）导致人们对这种潜力的兴趣增加了。运动对患有自我调节困难的神经发育障碍儿童的益处（例如，Halperin＆Healey，2011； Archer＆Kostrzewa，2012）。使用样本内设计，当前研究研究了非有氧运动训练（太极拳）与有氧运动训练（踢拳）相比对认知控制行为指标和抽动严重程度临床指标的有益作用。群患有抽动秽语综合症（TS）的年轻人。我们证明了跆拳道，但没有太极拳，导致认知控制任务绩效的显着提高。此外，虽然在两种运动中抽动频率（每分钟抽动频率）都降低了，但在踢拳后这种降低幅度更大，并且持续时间更长。重要的是，踢拳后认知控制的增加幅度预示了抽动频率的减少程度。这些发现表明，有氧运动可能是通过改善相关的认知控制回路来改善TS青年人抽动的自我调节的有用干预措施。踢拳后认知控制增加的幅度预测了抽动频率的降低程度。这些发现表明，有氧运动可能是通过改善相关的认知控制回路来改善TS青年人抽动的自我调节的有用干预措施。踢拳后认知控制增加的幅度预测了抽动频率的降低程度。这些发现表明，有氧运动可能是通过改善相关的认知控制回路来改善TS青年人抽动的自我调节的有用干预措施。