Metal sulfides (MSs) are a promising class of materials for photocatalytic hydrogen generation due to their distinct features of photosensitivity, electrical conductance, and photoelectrochemical stability. However, the photocatalytic activity of solid structured MSs is often compromised due to low incident photon absorption, high charge carrier recombination, inadequate catalytic active sites, and slow mass and charge diffusion. The development of hollow structured MSs alleviates these limitations and achieves higher H₂ generation than solid structured counterparts. This minireview aims to review the recent advances in the development of synthetic methods for various hollow structured MSs that are designed to enhance light absorption and fasten mass diffusion. Particularly, this report highlights the advent of sophisticated heterostructured hollow MSs for the application in photocatalysis, in which the formation of heterojunction at the semiconductor interface ensures spatial separation of charge carriers. The synergy between the hollow structure and heterostructure dramatically increases the H₂ generation rate by providing increased light absorption, delayed charge recombination, and accelerated mass diffusion. We also point to potentially fruitful research directions in this field, in hope that this minireview serves as a stepping stone for the future development in hollow MSs for photocatalytic applications and beyond.

中文翻译：

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空心结构金属硫化物用于光催化制氢

金属硫化物（MS）由于具有光敏性，电导率和光电化学稳定性的独特特征，因此是一类有前途的光催化制氢材料。但是，由于低入射光子吸收，高电荷载流子重组，不足的催化活性位点以及缓慢的质量和电荷扩散，经常会损害固体结构MS的光催化活性。中空结构MS的开发减轻了这些限制并获得了更高的H ₂一代比坚实的结构化同行。这份小型综述旨在回顾各种中空结构MS合成方法开发的最新进展，这些方法旨在增强光吸收和固定质量扩散。特别地，该报告突出了用于光催化的复杂异质结构空心MS的出现，其中在半导体界面处形成异质结可确保电荷载流子的空间分离。中空结构和异质结构之间的协同作用显着增加了H ₂通过提供增加的光吸收，延迟的电荷重组和加速的质量扩散来提高生成速率。我们还指出了该领域潜在的富有成果的研究方向，希望这份小型综述可以成为光催化应用及其他领域中空MS未来发展的垫脚石。