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Contrasting patterns of functional diversity in coffee root fungal communities associated with organic and conventionally-managed fields
Applied and Environmental Microbiology ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-27
Sternhagen, E. C., Black, K. L., Hartmann, E. D. L., Shivega, W. G., Johnson, P. G., McGlynn, R. D., Schmaltz, L. C., Asheim Keller, R. J., Vink, S. N., Aldrich-Wolfe, L.

The structure and function of fungal communities in the coffee rhizosphere is shaped by crop environment. Because coffee can be grown along a management continuum from conventional application of pesticides and fertilizers in full sun to organic management in a shaded understory, we used coffee fields to hold host constant while comparing rhizosphere fungal communities in markedly different environmental conditions with regard to shade and inputs. We characterized the shade and soil environment in 25 fields under conventional, organic or transitional management in two regions of Costa Rica. We amplified the ITS2 region of fungal DNA from coffee roots in these fields and characterized the rhizosphere fungal community via high-throughput sequencing. Sequences were assigned to guilds to determine differences in functional diversity and trophic structure among coffee field environments. Organic fields had more shade, a greater richness of shade tree species, more leaf litter, and were less acidic, with lower soil nitrate availability and higher soil copper, calcium, and magnesium than conventionally-managed fields, although differences between organic and conventionally-managed fields in shade, calcium and magnesium depended on region. Differences in richness and community composition of rhizosphere fungi between organic and conventionally-managed fields were also correlated with shade, soil acidity, nitrate, and copper. Trophic structure differed with coffee field management. Saprotrophs, plant pathogens, and mycoparasites were more diverse and plant pathogens were more abundant in organic than in conventionally-managed fields, while saprotroph-plant pathogens were more abundant in conventionally-managed fields. These differences reflected environmental differences and depended on region.

IMPORTANCE Rhizosphere fungi play key roles in ecosystems, as nutrient cyclers, pathogens, and mutualists, yet little is currently known about which environmental factors and how agricultural management shape rhizosphere fungal communities and their functional diversity. This field study of the coffee agroecosystem suggests that organic management not only fosters a greater overall diversity of fungi, but also maintains a greater richness of saprotrophic, plant pathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi that has implications for efficiency of nutrient cycling and regulation of plant pathogen populations in agricultural systems. As well as influencing community composition and richness of rhizosphere fungi, shade management and use of fungicides and synthetic fertilizers altered the trophic structure of the coffee agroecosystem.



中文翻译:

与有机和常规管理耕地相关的咖啡根真菌群落功能多样性的对比模式

咖啡的根际真菌群落的结构和功能受作物环境的影响。由于咖啡可以沿管理连续性生长,从在阳光下常规施用农药和肥料到在阴暗的地下有机管理,我们使用咖啡田来保持宿主恒定,同时比较在阴影和遮盖力明显不同的环境条件下的根际真菌群落输入。我们在哥斯达黎加两个地区的常规,有机或过渡管理下的25个田地中,对阴影和土壤环境进行了表征。我们从这些领域的咖啡根中扩增了真菌DNA的ITS2区域,并通过高通量测序表征了根际真菌群落。将序列分配给行会,以确定咖啡田环境之间功能多样性和营养结构的差异。与传统管理的农田相比,有机农田比传统管理的农田具有更多的阴影,更多的遮荫树物种,更多的凋落物且酸性较低,土壤硝酸盐的利用率较低,土壤铜,钙和镁的含量较高,阴影,钙和镁的管理田地取决于地区。有机和常规管理田间根际真菌的丰富度和群落组成的差异也与阴影,土壤酸度,硝酸盐和铜有关。营养结构因咖啡田管理而异。腐生菌,植物病原体,与常规管理的田地相比,有机寄生虫和真菌寄生虫的多样性更高,有机物中的植物病原体也更多,而传统管理的田地中腐生植物的病原体则更加丰富。这些差异反映了环境差异,并取决于地区。

重要信息根际真菌在生态系统中扮演着重要角色,包括营养循环,病原体和互助生,但目前尚不清楚哪些环境因素以及农业管理如何影响根际真菌群落及其功能多样性。这项对咖啡农业生态系统的野外研究表明,有机管理不仅可以促进真菌的总体多样性,而且还可以保持更大的腐生,植物病原性和真菌寄生性真菌的丰富度,这对养分循环效率和植物病原体种群的调控具有重要意义。农业系统。除了影响群落组成和根际真菌的丰富性外,遮荫管理以及使用杀真菌剂和合成肥料还改变了咖啡农业生态系统的营养结构。

更新日期:2020-03-28
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