Osteomyelitis caused by orthopedic and cranial implants infection is the principal cause of implant failure, septicemia, and even death; it is an urgent issue with prevalence rates ranging from 4% to 10% in industrialized countries. Bioactive and multifunctional materials such as bioglass, biometal, and biopolymer are commonly used in biomedical fields; however, it is still a challenge to fabricate effective antibacterial coatings. The purpose of this study is to use layer-by-layer technology to develop an antibacterial coating with outer and inner portions for short/long-term release of antibacterial agents. Antibiotics would be released immediately after implant and antibacterial silver ions in the long term. In this study, polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) comprised of collagen as the cationic layers and γ-poly-glutamic acid as the anionic layers were coated onto the 316L stainless steel substrate via a spin coating technique. A chitosan buffer layer was designed and placed in the middle of the coating. 1 mol% silver additive 58S bioactive glass (SiO₂: CaO: P₂O₅ = 60: 36: 4 in mol%) was introduced into the inner γ-poly-glutamic acid layers, while gentamicin was added to the outer layer.

Herein, it is demonstrated that bioactive glass was successfully incorporated into the PEM coatings which had a total thickness of about 61.4 ± 2.8 μm (via SEM) and good hydrophilicity with a contact angle of 34.91°. The PEMs had a hardness of 0.18 ± 0.02 GPa, Young's modulus of 3.85 ± 0.32 GPa, and roughness of 394.7 nm. In the short-term, the PEM coatings would release gentamicin and silver ions, while the long-term controlled release of silver ions served as an antibacterial. The PEM coatings were not only effective as an antibacterial, as seen in the zone of inhibition test, but also biocompatible with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), as seen in the MTT assay. Therefore, we believe that this technology will have great potential in the surface modification of orthopedic and cranial implants due to its antibacterial, tissue restoration, and osseointegration properties.

骨科和颅骨植入物感染引起的骨髓炎是植入物失效，败血病甚至死亡的主要原因。这是一个紧迫的问题，在工业化国家中，患病率在4％到10％之间。生物活性和多功能材料，例如生物玻璃，生物金属和生物聚合物，通常用于生物医学领域。然而，制造有效的抗菌涂层仍然是一个挑战。这项研究的目的是使用逐层技术开发一种具有外部和内部的抗菌涂层，以短期/长期释放抗菌剂。长期植入抗生素和银离子后，抗生素将立即释放。在这个研究中，通过旋涂技术将由胶原作为阳离子层和γ-聚谷氨酸作为阴离子层组成的聚电解质多层（PEM）涂覆到316L不锈钢基底上。设计了脱乙酰壳多糖缓冲层，并将其置于涂层的中间。1 mol％银添加剂58S生物活性玻璃（SiO_将2∶CaO∶P ₂ O ₅  ＝ 60∶36∶4（摩尔％）引入内γ-聚谷氨酸层，同时将庆大霉素加入外层。

在此，证明了生物活性玻璃被成功地掺入到PEM涂层中，该PEM涂层具有约61.4±2.8μm的总厚度（通过SEM）和良好的亲水性，接触角为34.91°。PEM的硬度为0.18±0.02 GPa，杨氏模量为3.85±0.32 GPa，粗糙度为394.7 nm。在短期内，PEM涂层将释放庆大霉素和银离子，而长期控制释放银离子可起到抗菌作用。PEM涂层不仅在抑制区中见效，而且具有抗菌作用，而且与MTT分析中所见的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC）具有生物相容性。因此，我们认为，由于该技术具有抗菌，