Hyperthermia therapy is a potent enhancer of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In particular, microwave (MW) and radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia devices provide a variety of heating approaches that can treat most cancers regardless the size. This review introduces the physics of MW/RF hyperthermia, the current state-of-the-art systems for both localized and regional heating, and recent advancements in hyperthermia treatment guidance using real-time computational simulations and magnetic resonance thermometry. Clinical trials involving RF/MW hyperthermia as adjuvant for chemotherapy are also presented per anatomical site. These studies favor the use of adjuvant hyperthermia since it significantly improves curative and palliative clinical outcomes. The main challenge of hyperthermia is the distribution of state-of-the-art heating systems. Nevertheless, we anticipate that recent technology advances will expand the use of hyperthermia to chemotherapy centers for enhanced drug delivery. These new technologies hold great promise not only for (image-guided) perfusion modulation and sensitization for cytotoxic drugs, but also for local delivery of various compounds using thermosensitive liposomes.

热疗是化疗和放疗的有效促进剂。特别是，微波 (MW) 和射频 (RF) 热疗设备提供了多种加热方法，可以治疗大多数癌症，无论大小。这篇综述介绍了 MW/RF 热疗的物理原理、当前最先进的局部和区域加热系统，以及使用实时计算模拟和磁共振测温法在热疗治疗指导方面的最新进展。还按解剖部位介绍了涉及 RF/MW 热疗作为化疗辅助剂的临床试验。这些研究倾向于使用辅助热疗，因为它可以显着改善治愈性和姑息性临床结果。热疗的主要挑战是最先进的加热系统的分布。尽管如此，我们预计，最近的技术进步将扩大热疗的使用范围，以增强药物输送的化疗中心。这些新技术不仅对（图像引导的）灌注调节和细胞毒性药物的敏化，而且对使用热敏脂质体的各种化合物的局部递送都有很大的希望。